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It induces both a strong inflammatory and a strong acquired immune response, and Mtb then actively regulates these responses to create an infectious lesion in the lung while maintaining a relatively ambulatory host. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell plays a critical yet contradictory role in this process by both controlling disseminated disease while promoting the development of the lesion in the lung that mediates transmission. In light of this manipulative relationship between Mtb and the human immune response, it is not surprising that our ability to vaccinate against tuberculosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>) has not been totally successful. To overcome the current impasse in vaccine development, we need to define the phenotype of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells that mediate protection and to determine those bacterial and host factors that regulate the effective function of these cells. In this review, we describe the initiation and expression of T cells during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> as well as the fulminant inflammatory response that can compromise T\u2010cell function and survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T13:17:25Z","timestamp":1424438245000},"page":"46-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The onset of adaptive immunity in the mouse model of tuberculosis and the factors that compromise its expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Orme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories 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