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However, the <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> antigens and host T\u2010cell responses that are required for an effective adaptive immune response to <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection are yet to be defined. Here, we review recent findings on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses to <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection and examine the roles of distinct <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific T\u2010cell subsets in control of <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> and latent <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection, and in the evolution of T\u2010cell immunity to <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> in response to tuberculosis treatment. In addition, we discuss recent studies that elucidate aspects of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific adaptive immunity during human immunodeficiency virus co\u2010infection and summarize recent findings from vaccine trials that provide insight into effective adaptive immune responses to <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T13:17:25Z","timestamp":1424438245000},"page":"74-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":343,"title":["T cells and adaptive immunity to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> in humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Luke D.","family":"Jasenosky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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