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Although the understanding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTEC<\/jats:styled-content> development in thymic organogenesis as well as the regulation of their differentiation and maturation has improved, the mechanisms of postnatal maintenance remain poorly understood. This issue has a central importance in immune homeostasis and physiological thymic involution as well as autoimmune disorders in various clinicopathological settings. Recently, several reports have demonstrated the existence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEC<\/jats:styled-content> stem or progenitor cells in the postnatal thymus, which are either bipotent or unipotent. We identified stem cells specified for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010lineage that are generated in the thymic ontogeny and may sustain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTEC<\/jats:styled-content> regeneration and lifelong central T\u2010cell self\u2010tolerance. This finding suggested that the thymic medulla is maintained autonomously by its own stem cells. Although several issues, including the relationship with other putative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEC<\/jats:styled-content> stem\/progenitors, remain unclear, further examination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTEC<\/jats:styled-content> stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTECSC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and their regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the understanding of postnatal immune homeostasis. Possible relationships between decline of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTECSC<\/jats:styled-content> activity and early thymic involution as well as various autoimmune disorders are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T12:58:41Z","timestamp":1460984321000},"page":"38-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Medullary thymic epithelial stem cells: role in thymic epithelial cell maintenance and thymic involution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Hamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Sekai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 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