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Advances in the ability to screen, isolate, and characterize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific antibodies have led to the identification of a new generation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bNA<\/jats:styled-content>bs). The majority of these antibodies have been isolated from B cells of chronically <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals with detectable viremia. In this review, we provide insight into the phenotypic and functional attributes of human B cells, with a focus on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific memory B cells and plasmablasts\/cells that are responsible for sustaining humoral immune responses against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. We discuss the abnormalities in B cells that occur in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection both in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, especially in the setting of persisting viremia. Finally, we consider the opportunities and drawbacks of intensively interrogating antibodies isolated from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals to guide strategies aimed at developing effective antibody\u2010based vaccine and therapeutic interventions for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T06:44:24Z","timestamp":1485758664000},"page":"33-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["B\u2010cell responses to <scp>HIV<\/scp> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Moir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony 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