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All of these diseases are associated with SNPs in the IL\u201023R or the interleukin\u201023 (IL\u201023) cytokine itself and related downstream signaling JAK pathway genes and the interleukin\u201017 (IL\u201017) pathway. In rheumatoid arthritis, the target of the immune response is the synovium but the SpA disorders target the tendon, ligament, and joint capsule skeletal anchorage points that are termed entheses. The discovery that IL\u201023R\u2013expressing cells were ensconced in healthy murine enthesis, and other extraskeletal anchorage points including the aortic root and the ciliary body of the eye and that systemic overexpression of IL\u201023 resulted in a severe experimental SpA, confirmed a fundamentally different immunobiology to rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, IL\u201023R\u2013expressing myeloid cells and various innate and adaptive T cells that produce IL\u201017 family cytokines have also been described in the human enthesis. Blockade of IL\u201023 pathway with either anti\u2010p40 or anti\u2010p19 subunits has resulted in some spectacular therapeutic successes in psoriasis and PsA including improvement in enthesitis in the peripheral skeleton but has failed to demonstrate efficacy in AS that is largely a spinal polyenthesitis. Herein, we discuss the known biology of IL\u201023 at the human enthesis and highlight the remarkable emerging story of this unique skeletal tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T04:29:40Z","timestamp":1579494580000},"page":"27-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Interleukin\u201023 pathway at the enthesis: The emerging story of enthesitis in spondyloarthropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Charlie","family":"Bridgewood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassem","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine \u201cB\u201d Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla","family":"Watad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine \u201cB\u201d Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3905-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"McGonagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Chapel Allerton, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00070-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051914-021944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2019.1561281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197409000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91360-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"586","article-title":"HLA antigens in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Gladman D","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670200097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.147"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"2155","article-title":"An enthesitis based model for the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathy. 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