{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:13:05Z","timestamp":1772205185742,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":279,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infectious susceptibility is a component of many inborn errors of immunity. Nevertheless, antibiotic use is often used as a surrogate in history taking for infectious susceptibility, thereby disadvantaging patients who present with viral infections as their phenotype. Further complicating clinical evaluations are unusual manifestations of viral infections which may be less familiar that the typical respiratory viral infections. This review covers several unusual viral phenotypes arising in patients with inborn errors of immunity and other settings of immune compromise. In some cases, chronic infections lead to oncogenesis or tumor\u2010like growths and the conditions and mechanisms of viral\u2010induced oncogenesis will be described. This review covers enterovirus, rubella, measles, papillomavirus, and parvovirus B19. It does not cover EBV and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis nor lymphomagenesis related to EBV. EBV susceptibility has been recently reviewed. Our goal is to increase awareness of the unusual manifestations of viral infections in patients with IEI and to describe treatment modalities utilized in this setting. Coincidentally, each of the discussed viral infections can have a cutaneous component and figures will serve as a reminder of the physical features of these viruses. Given the high morbidity and mortality, early recognition can only improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T23:03:18Z","timestamp":1701126198000},"page":"113-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rubella virus chronic inflammatory disease and other unusual viral phenotypes in inborn errors of immunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"322","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5043-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonench","family":"Kilich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Perelygina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4018-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01289-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2020.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"MatuozzoD TalouarnE MarchalA et\u00a0al.Rare predicted loss\u2010of\u2010function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life\u2010threatening COVID\u201019.medRxiv.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.121608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-11-814244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03139-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1299-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04520-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"CDC.Non\u2010polio enterovirus.2015http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/non\u2010polio\u2010enterovirus\/about\/overview.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000237798.07462.32"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Primary hypogammaglobulinaemia: a survey of clinical manifestations and complications","volume":"86","author":"Hermaszewski RA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197706302962601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80700-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00685198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01237-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01502-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70246-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.2.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"A case of agammaglobulinemia with chronic enteroviral meningomyelitis","volume":"36","author":"Ito N","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050636"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with X\u2010linked agammaglobulinemia and chronic meningoencephalitis","volume":"2","author":"Sole D","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"976","article-title":"Bruton\u2010type (congenital X\u2010linked) agammaglobulinemia: MR imaging of unusual intracranial complications","volume":"13","author":"Lerner E","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"A case of chronic enteroviral meningitis and hydrocephalus associated with Bruton type agammaglobulinemia","volume":"50","author":"Ozawa T","year":"1998","journal-title":"No to Shinkei"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198307000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1606.091536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0388-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.999664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06956-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4605-4610.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-230177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2019-002229"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","article-title":"Enteroviral meningoencephalitis as a complication of rituximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Cook SG","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-01038-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520923978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2485-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02457-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1043849"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Intraventricular gamma\u2010globulin for the management of enterovirus encephalitis","volume":"7","author":"Dwyer J","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.03.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1222-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00671-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","unstructured":"ModelM CollettS HinscksJ ObersteS.Anti\u2010poliovirus activity of Pocapavir in a human mOPV1 challenge. Paper presented at: 15. Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53rd Annual Meeting 2013; Denver Colorado."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02084-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00983-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01551-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.4583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05398-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02691-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.2.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90344-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.43.231.579"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Late\u2010onset rubella syndrome: coexistence of immune complex disease and defective cytotoxic effector cell function","volume":"63","author":"Verder H","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000150543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197505082921902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1239-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-014-0031-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0581-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.796065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.0828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.1577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00953-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-0589-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(03)00117-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.13.6743-6749.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02134-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2020.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-1023-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.Supplement_1.S24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401193100301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac4227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5758.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.3.1795-1801.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-283"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.4616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03346-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90031-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04808.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-022-00710-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S126293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416687675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJnew.7788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31062-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v20i1.877"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.5.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70318-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1220098110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-12-3201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.2.435"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_138_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"A double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled evaluation of ribavirin in the treatment of acute measles","volume":"3","author":"Uylangco CV","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1982.14.issue-1.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548409070407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_141_1","article-title":"A comprehensive investigation of the current subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) treatment options to improve patient quality of life","volume":"14","author":"Pritha A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738030180020701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.24.11636-11641.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70096-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31816a7135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7072802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.12.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.4.1026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0254-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02183-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1112513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1984.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660070054014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200010000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.03014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.162558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.1595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310009699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1808575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.3018-3028.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01697.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis291"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_177_1","first-page":"1484","article-title":"Human parvovirus 4 as potential cause of encephalitis in children, India","volume":"17","author":"Benjamin LA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.933-936.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.731643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2021.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707303170506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199811)56:3<199::AID-JMV4>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v4.i4.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374603"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_188_1","article-title":"Parvovirus B19\u2013a cause of hepatitis in patients with liver transplantation, anemia in HIV positive individuals and encephalopathies in children","volume":"160","author":"Christensen LS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3254-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-014-1591-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.937108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2009.30.3259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2021.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2022.v112i9.16416"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_196_1","article-title":"Parvovirus B19\u2010associated myocarditis: A literature review of pediatric cases","volume":"14","author":"Keramari S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-021-00575-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02127-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01410-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00033-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)00465-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00665-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphereDirect.00645-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200312000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-71"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833fd718"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0126-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.604206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-356352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-515528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-360313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-452763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-09-669937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2020.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-378158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03147-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008624"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2021-107820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080857"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475415576859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2013.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5266-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460117700449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02108-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6031328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02079-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.2.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000321880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199902000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2022.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2022.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16157.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_265_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0433-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0414-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80012-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_270_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_271_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_272_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2015.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-9-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e318237d581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4256-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_277_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1650841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_278_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181e97922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_279_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.06.017"}],"container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imr.13290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T07:47:55Z","timestamp":1710834475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imr.13290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":279,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imr.13290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.13290","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-2896","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-065X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}