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CNS dysfunction occurs following poor development of myelin in infancy, myelin damage in neurological diseases, and impaired regeneration of myelin with disease progression in aging. The lack of approved therapies aimed at supporting myelin health highlights the critical need to identify the cellular and molecular influences on oligodendrocytes. CNS macrophages have been shown to influence the development, maintenance, damage and regeneration of myelin, revealing critical interactions with oligodendrocyte lineage cells. CNS macrophages are comprised of distinct populations, including CNS\u2010resident microglia and cells associated with CNS border regions (the meninges, vasculature, and choroid plexus), in addition to macrophages derived from monocytes infiltrating from the blood. Importantly, the distinct contribution of these macrophage populations to oligodendrocyte lineage responses and myelin health are only just beginning to be uncovered, with the advent of new tools to specifically identify, track, and target macrophage subsets. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the roles of CNS macrophages in myelin health, and recent developments in distinguishing the roles of macrophage populations in development, homeostasis, and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1730462071000},"page":"53-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<scp>CNS<\/scp> macrophage contributions to myelin health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"327","author":[{"given":"Alana","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology The University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1738-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique E.","family":"Miron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology The University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh 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