{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:25:03Z","timestamp":1790270703852,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL116275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL116275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI167933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI167933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI179741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI179741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibodies play a vital role in the immune system, with distinct isotypes having unique tropisms and performing specialized functions. Of these isotypes, IgE is the least abundant in circulation yet plays a critical role in defense against parasitic infection and allergic reactions. IgE is also heavily N\u2010linked glycosylated, a posttranslational modification that influences receptor interactions of effector responses. The importance of glycosylation on IgG function is well established, and the roles of IgE glycans are emerging. This review examines the relationship between IgE glycosylation and its biological function. IgE glycosylation, specifically the oligomannosidic glycan, is necessary for IgE binding to its high\u2010affinity receptor Fc\u03b5RI on mast cells and basophils. Recent evidence suggests that terminal sialic acid residues on complex biantennary glycans significantly enhance IgE's allergic potential, with sialylation of IgE demonstrating reduced capacity to trigger degranulation and anaphylaxis. Glycosylation also influences IgE's interaction with its low\u2010affinity receptor Fc\u03b5RII\/CD23, affecting serum clearance and antigen presentation. Beyond allergy, this review also covers IgE's impacts on its roles in autoimmunity, parasite defense, and protection against venoms. Current therapeutic approaches targeting IgE include monoclonal antibodies like omalizumab, with emerging therapeutics looking to target systemic IgE production mechanisms also covered. Although the understanding of IgG glycosylation is known, there is much to uncover in terms of IgE glycosylation, which may open new avenues for developing more precise interventions that modulate its effector functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T10:08:39Z","timestamp":1746439719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Glycobiology of\n                    <scp>IgE<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"331","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6531-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aron","family":"Gyorgypal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayantan","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2010.10k056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.2000.0228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Clinical Aspects of Immunology","author":"Gell P. G. H.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.126565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Injections Repetees de Serum de Cheval Chez le Lapin","volume":"50","author":"Arthus M.","year":"1903","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Des S\u00e9ances de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie et de Ses Filiales"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1919.02610390036012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.97.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.97.6.840"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(68)92889\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(67)90615\u20100"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E: A New Class of Human Immunoglobulin","volume":"15","author":"Bennich H. H.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.106.3.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010015\u20101870\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.8.4811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1117611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701449354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Influence of T Regulatory Cells on Humoral Immunity and Induction of Peripheral Tolerance","author":"Meiler F.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1710\u20101492\u201010\u201027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004879107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.113.1.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21238"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108455108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35018500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35018508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201002312\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20102836(02)01250\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr400714w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102311\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109258(19)38627\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161\u20105890(99)00036\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161\u20105890(00)00028\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500965200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001900"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369753a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.10.6604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1069100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010065X.1978.tb01458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719\u2010015\u20109638\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901212"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.4991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.035196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","volume-title":"Clinical Aspects of Immunology","author":"Coombs R. R. A.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2613"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.19.1.2648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016\u2010019\u201008769\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/critrevimmunol.v31.i6.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413\u2010016\u20100094\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2024.2401551"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","volume-title":"WAO White Book on Allergy","author":"Pawankar R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","volume-title":"Asthma's Impact on the Nation: Data From the CDC National Asthma Control Program","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.08.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2015.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440\u20101592.1998.00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555\u20102578"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1215616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882\u2010012\u20100311\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0144\u20102021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010018\u20102656\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201040009\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.790895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1112917"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35055582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2023.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.835618"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312382"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201013815\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050845"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413\u2010015\u20100063\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401612"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12212556"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2024.2406894"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014\u2010024\u201009491\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14384"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.06.023"}],"container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imr.70032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T04:13:50Z","timestamp":1764562430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imr.70032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imr.70032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.70032","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-2896","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-065X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70032"}}