{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:43:35Z","timestamp":1784547815835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":266,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are pivotal for initiating antigen\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses. Upon encountering pathogen\u2010 and damage\u2010associated molecular patterns (PAMPs\/DAMPs) or inflammation, cDC undergo\n                    <jats:italic>direct<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>indirect activation<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Directly activated cDC acquire additional antigens and present them to prime T\u2010cells but become unresponsive to new antigens. In contrast, indirectly activated cDC remain capable of efficient antigen presentation upon subsequent exposure to PAMPs\/DAMPs. Due to cDC's short lifespan, activated cDC are replenished within days by newly generated immature\/resting cDC. However, during systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), early depletion and systemic activation of cDC can occur, followed by prolonged reprogramming that yields functionally impaired or\n                    <jats:italic>paralyzed\/regulatory cDC.<\/jats:italic>\n                    These dysfunctional cDC populations contribute to post\u2010SIRS immunosuppression. Gradual resolution of the immunoregulatory microenvironment allows repopulation with functionally competent cDC over subsequent weeks or months, necessary for restoring immunocompetence. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the sequential alterations in cDC population during SIRS, sepsis, and major trauma. We discuss the mechanistic basis of cDC dysfunction in these conditions as well as in tumors, highlighting shared and distinct pathways of dysregulation. We further elaborate on emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cDC function to improve immune recovery and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T04:51:16Z","timestamp":1768193476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["From Cell Death and Activation to Paralysis: Dysregulated Conventional Dendritic Cells in\n                    <scp>SIRS<\/scp>\n                    , Sepsis and Major Trauma Promote Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitra","family":"Ashayeripanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Roquilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, INSERM Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064  Nantes France"},{"name":"CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Universit\u00e9, Anesthesie Reanimation  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Villadangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 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