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X\/Y\u2010chromosome\u2010encoded genes and sex steroid hormones can modulate immune cells and drive distinct patterns of gene and protein expression involved in antiviral function, impacting sex\u2010dependent immune responses and altering the balance of specific immune pathways. These sex\u2010specific differences in antiviral immune responses have significant consequences for the outcome of HIV\u20101 infection. A better understanding of sex differences in HIV\u20101\u2010specific antiviral immunity is required to implement and develop new strategies for prevention, treatment and ultimately a functional cure against HIV\u20101. 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