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Across individuals, antibodies repeatedly converge on shared solutions for capturing this shape\u2010shifting virus by precisely targeting conserved sites of vulnerability\u2014sites the virus cannot alter without functional cost\u2014through structural features encoded directly by germline immunoglobulin genes. These recurring public antibodies, termed multi\u2010donor class antibodies, have been pivotal for understanding human anti\u2010influenza immunity and in guiding vaccine strategies that may shift the balance of the host\u2013virus arms race. As single\u2010cell biology, structural biology, and computational approaches mature, previously uncharted areas of our immune repertoires are coming into view. Here, we review the current understanding of the influenza\u2010specific immune repertoire, focusing on antibodies and multi\u2010donor antibody classes directed toward antigenic supersites on viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase\u2014the two major targets of protective antibodies\u2014and discuss how these insights may advance the development of game\u2010changing influenza vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:30:46Z","timestamp":1787718646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influenza\u2010Specific Immunoglobulin Repertoire \u2013 Nimble Yet Steeped in Tradition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"341","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5767-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Kanekiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland 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