{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:31:35Z","timestamp":1780471895697,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102016\u201003775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102016\u201003775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infancy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Past research shows infants selectively touch and look longer at characters who help versus hinder others (Social evaluation by preverbal infants.<jats:italic>Nature<\/jats:italic>, 2007, 450, 557; Three\u2010month\u2010olds show a negativity bias in their social evaluations.<jats:italic>Developmental Science<\/jats:italic>, 2010, 13, 923); however, the mechanisms underlying this tendency remain underspecified. The current preregistered experiment approaches this question by examining infants\u2019 real\u2010time looking behaviors during prosocial and antisocial events, and exploring how individual infants\u2019 looking behaviors correlate with helper preferences. Using eye\u2010tracking, 34 five\u2010month\u2010olds were familiarized with two blocks of the \u201chill\u201d scenario originally developed by Kuhlmeier et al. (Attribution of dispositional states by 12\u2010month\u2010olds.<jats:italic>Psychological Science<\/jats:italic>, 2003, 14, 402), in which a climber tries unsuccessfully to reach the top of a hill and is alternately helped or hindered. Infants\u2019 visual preferences were assessed after each block of 6\u00a0helping and hindering events by proportional looking time to the helper versus hinderer in an image of the characters side by side. Results showed that, at the group level, infants looked longer at the helper after viewing 12 (but not after viewing 6) helping and hindering videos. Moreover, individual infants\u2019 average preference for the helper was predicted by their looking behaviors, particularly those suggestive of an understanding of the climber's unfulfilled goal. These results shed light on how infants process helping\/hindering scenarios, and suggest that goal understanding is important for infants\u2019 helper preferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T03:10:41Z","timestamp":1638846641000},"page":"255-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Mechanisms of social evaluation in infancy: A preregistered exploration of infants\u2019 eye\u2010movement and pupillary responses to prosocial and antisocial events"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0512-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enda","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane Kiley","family":"Hamlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.6.1236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7078.2011.00097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2006.00544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0327-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Human universals","author":"Brown D. 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