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Here, we address current research efforts to understand how experiences impact neurodevelopment with a new perspective integrating two well\u2010known conceptual frameworks \u2013 the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) and sensitive\/critical period frameworks. Specifically, we consider how prenatal experiences characterized in the DOHaD model impact two key neurobiological mechanisms of sensitive\/critical periods for adapting to and learning from the postnatal environment. We draw from both animal and human research to summarize the current state of knowledge on how particular prenatal substance exposures (psychoactive substances and heavy metals) and nutritional profiles (protein\u2010energy malnutrition and iron deficiency) each differentially impact brain circuits' excitation\/GABAergic inhibition balance and myelination. Finally, we highlight new research directions that emerge from this integrated framework, including testing how prenatal environments alter sensitive\/critical period timing and learning and identifying potential promotional\/buffering prenatal exposures to impact postnatal sensitive\/critical periods. We hope this integrative framework considering prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity will stimulate new research to understand how early environments have lasting consequences on our brains, behavior, and health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T06:35:25Z","timestamp":1709793325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity: Integrating DOHaD and sensitive\/critical period frameworks to understand biological embedding in early development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2036-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma T.","family":"Margolis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts 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