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The implications of maternal depression and contextual demands (i.e., reinstating the interaction following maternal unavailability and vocalized infant distress) on observationally coded co\u2010regulation in mother\u2010infant dyads (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040) at 4\u2010months was investigated. Associations among co\u2010regulation patterns and mother\u2010infant relationship quality was also examined. Dyads participated in Still\u2010Face (SF) and Separation (SP) procedures, with periods of maternal emotional and physical unavailability. Co\u2010regulation was captured using the Revised Relational Coding System. Relationship quality was examined using the Emotional Availability Scales. Dyads in the depressed group had significantly more unilateral exchanges than the non\u2010depressed group following the SF and SP perturbations. The depressed group also had significantly more distress vocalizations during the SP perturbation than the non\u2010depressed group. Co\u2010regulation in the depressed group was less disrupted by the SF perturbation. Positive relationship quality dimensions (maternal sensitivity, structuring, and infant responsiveness) were associated with more symmetrical and less unilateral co\u2010regulation regardless of the interaction period. There were also context\u2010specific results pertaining to patterns of co\u2010regulation and associated maternal hostility and infant responsiveness. Results highlight co\u2010regulatory differences in depressed mothers and their infants and how these differences are exacerbated by contextual demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T16:44:48Z","timestamp":1721321088000},"page":"933-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Co\u2010regulation, relationship quality, and infant distress vocalizations observed during mother\u2010infant interactions: Influences of maternal depression and different contexts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale M.","family":"Stack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia K.","family":"Lazimbat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany M.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20107078.2010.00034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826\u2010020\u201001763\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Biringen Z.(2022).Emotional availability scales version 4.1.www.emotionalavailability.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Biringen Z. 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