{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1771260954518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1127952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1127952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infancy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Face\u2010to\u2010Face Still\u2010Face (FF\u2010SF) procedure has been a popular paradigm to understand infant behavior. The current study examines the validity of mothers' behavior during the Still\u2010Face phase of the FF\u2010SF, especially the quality of her neutral face and its impact on infant arousal (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0358 ethnically\u2010diverse mother\u2013infant dyads, Mean infant age\u00a0=\u00a0223\u00a0days, SD\u00a0=\u00a027\u00a0days). Results showed that more than half of the mothers in the sample breached one or more Still\u2010Face phase instructions; however, mothers' breaches of the Still\u2010Face instructions were unrelated to infant arousal (Skin Conductance Responses) during the FF\u2010SF. Additionally, facial analysis revealed that along with a neutral quality to the Still\u2010Face, mothers also displayed significant levels of facial emotion during the Still\u2010Face phase. Higher levels of scared and\/or sad expressions during the Still\u2010Face were associated with higher infant arousal during the Still\u2010Face phase. The current study helps us to understand the real\u2010life implementation of the Still\u2010Face during the Face\u2010to\u2010Face Still\u2010Face paradigm. Results indicate that mothers show considerable non\u2010compliance with Still\u2010Face phase instructions, and the infant arousal levels are associated with emotional expressions contaminating the quality of mothers' neutral faces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T05:49:48Z","timestamp":1732254588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["When Is the Still\u2010Face Not the Still\u2010Face: Mothers' Behavior in the Face\u2010to\u2010Face Still\u2010Face Procedure and Its Relationship to Infant Arousal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shriya","family":"Mathur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances L.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development Western Sydney University  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Mental Health Academic Unit Liverpool Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valsamma","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Academic Unit Liverpool Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva R.","family":"Kimonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Moul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny L.","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Dadds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Science University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327078IN0404_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550620923229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1126-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102431\u201014\u2010234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Features: Boris","author":"Friard O."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Hemmelmann J. 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