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Previous research suggests that caregivers' cultural orientation is associated with the language their child is exposed to and knows. However, less is known about how caregiver cultural orientation is linked with early child\u2010directed speech and child language knowledge in immigrant households. In a sample of primarily Spanish\u2010speaking, Mexican immigrant mothers and their child (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0112; 58.9% female) from low\u2010income households, this study examined the links between maternal Mexican and Anglo cultural orientation at child age 9\u00a0months, maternal Spanish and English child\u2010directed speech (measured via mother\u2010child free\u2010play) at 2\u00a0years, and children's Spanish and English vocabulary knowledge at 3\u00a0years. A path model revealed that maternal Anglo orientation predicted children's English vocabulary through English child\u2010directed speech. Although Spanish child\u2010directed speech predicted Spanish vocabulary, maternal Mexican orientation did not predict Spanish child\u2010directed speech or Spanish vocabulary scores. The findings implicate acculturation and societal\u2010 and heritage\u2010language child\u2010directed speech as important features to consider when assessing children of immigrants' language environments and learning, making salient the role of cultural contexts on childhood bilingualism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T16:01:46Z","timestamp":1743782506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of Early Maternal Cultural Orientation on Spanish\u2010English Child\u2010Directed Speech and Vocabulary Knowledge in Mexican\u2010American Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7612-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marissa A.","family":"Castellana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viridiana L.","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona 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