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While most of the world's children live in Majority World countries, research on caregiving predominantly uses measures developed in the Minority World (particularly North America and Europe), potentially biasing characterizations of parenting in understudied populations. This study describes the development of the \u201cDemba Yaal Interaction Scale (DYIS)\u201d, a behavioral micro\u2010coding scheme to assesses caregiver responsiveness in a rural, low\u2010resource, collectivist caregiving community in The Gambia. We adopted a contextually sensitive approach by co\u2010creating the scheme partnering Gambian researchers, familiar with the caregiving context, and UK researchers familiar with behavioral coding. The scheme was piloted on 5\u2010min videorecorded mother\u2010infant interactions, when infants were aged 12\u2010months (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a050, 48% female). There were substantial individual differences in maternal responsiveness levels. Modality\u2010wise, responses were most likely to be non\u2010verbal, compared to verbal or bimodal. Mothers with some formal education were significantly more responsive and more readily engaged in bimodal responsiveness. Negative associations between these interactive behaviors and maternal demographic and socioeconomic variables (age, number of children, household size) were present but did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Moreover, associations emerged between infant physical growth and infant behaviors, as well as between maternal responsiveness and infant communication, although these too, did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparison. Our work provides a potential framework for future research seeking to develop contextually tailored assessments of caregiving practices and highlights important demographic and health variables that warrant further examination in larger samples.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:54:39Z","timestamp":1759337679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Contextual Approach to Characterizing Caregiver Responsiveness in a Rural Area of The Gambia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7441-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena\u2010C\u00e9line","family":"Stevelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrima","family":"Mbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  Banjul Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebou","family":"Touray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  Banjul Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tijan","family":"Fadera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  Banjul Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariama","family":"Saidykhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  Banjul Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousman","family":"Kambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  Banjul Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7520-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Papageorgopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare E.","family":"Elwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lloyd\u2010Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development Birkbeck, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9590-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bosiljka","family":"Milosavljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology Centre for Brain and Behaviour Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277\u20109536(94)00377\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2021.101313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.106294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cd.23219894308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/714013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blimpo M. 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