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This study investigated whether infants perceived masked faces as faces during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, a time when wearing masks in public was nearly universal in Japan. Between July 2021 and November 2022, we conducted an experiment using a novel remote method to examine infants' preferences for upright versus inverted faces under both masked and unmasked conditions. Overall, infants aged 4\u20135\u00a0months and 7\u20138\u00a0months (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a032 in each age group) preferred upright to inverted faces in both conditions. These results suggest that Japanese infants born during the COVID\u201019 pandemic could recognize masked faces as faces. Furthermore, across both age groups, the preference was more pronounced in the masked\u2010face condition than in the unmasked\u2010face condition. These results possibly reflect the fact that infants had relatively frequent exposure to masked faces during the pandemic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T04:30:21Z","timestamp":1763613021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infants' Visual Preference for Upright Faces During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5556-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobu","family":"Shirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Rikkyo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology Course Graduate School of Modern Society and Culture Niigata 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