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However, the extent and variety of early child\u2010initiated communicative intentions is poorly understood, with theoretically derived intentions lacking systematic empirical support from naturalistic observations. This study, using a cross\u2010sectional data set, provides a fine\u2010grained characterization of communicative behaviors across three time points in the second year of life (13, 18, and 23\u00a0months,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a047). We coded one\u2010hour\u2010long video recordings of home observations using a novel coding scheme to document the type of interactions toddlers initiated using four deictic gestures (reach, point, give, hold out) to meet a range of communicative goals, such as sharing interest, attention, or emotion, requesting an object or an action, seeking information or help, and giving information. Expressive interactions accounted for 49.9% of events, followed by requestive (40%), information\/help seeking (8.3%), and information giving intentions (1.7%). These findings characterize early communicative toddler\u2010caregiver interactions and provide insights into the age\u2010related patterns of toddlers' propensity to seek and transmit information which emerge increasingly as part of toddlers' communicative repertoire.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:16:59Z","timestamp":1772957819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growing Communicators: A Fine\u2010Grained Analysis of Toddlers' Communicative Intentions From Requestive and Expressive, to Information Seeking and Giving"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3290-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didar","family":"Karada\u011f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert","family":"Westermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Bazhydai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109507.00059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Motor Acts and Communicative Gestures From 9 to 18 Months of Age in Imperative and Declarative Context: Tracing the Origin and Development of Pointing","volume":"2","author":"Aureli T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rivista di psicolinguistica applicata: XIII"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12181"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"The Acquisition of Performatives Prior to Speech","volume":"21","author":"Bates E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Merrill\u2010Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X20001405"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X22001327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12941"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12938"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108817"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2012.01160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77182-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037224"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2020.100920"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163\u20106383(94)90055\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12326"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12267"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164\u2010017\u20100345\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13164\u2010017\u20100346\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016\u20109040.2.3.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327078in0503_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/tilar.27.08cam"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/417553"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20445356"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000517221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1166214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74859-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001195"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"i","article-title":"Children\u2019s Questions: A Mechanism for Cognitive Development","volume":"72","author":"Chouinard M. 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