{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:14:49Z","timestamp":1788408889513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infancy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human communication is grounded in social interaction, and infants begin to communicate before producing their first words. In interaction with caregivers, they engage in coordinated object\u2010related activities that may develop into paired\u2010action sequences. We studied the emergence of such sequences in eight infant\u2010caregiver dyads observed during monthly laboratory visits across 6\u00a0months, beginning when infants were either 7 or 8\u00a0months old. During free play with age\u2010appropriate toys, interactions were documented using microbehavioral manual coding, enabling detailed analysis of infant\u2010initiated, object\u2010related joint activities. A recurrent pattern involved infants throwing an object and caregivers responding by returning it, giving rise to throwing\u2010and\u2010passing sequences, sometimes accompanied by coordinated gaze. Due to the less scripted and less conventionalized nature of this sequence, we observed substantial variability across dyads and sessions. To complement behavioral description, we used computer vision\u2010based tracking of infants' object\u2010holding hand movements and identified developmental changes in movement kinematics, specifically decreases in speed and acceleration. Our documentation of the earliest infant\u2010initiated, object\u2010related joint activities demonstrates that the observed throwing\u2010and\u2010passing sequences represent early manifestations of paired\u2010action sequences and include elements of intentional communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:07:44Z","timestamp":1785380864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infant\u2010Caregiver Object\u2010Related Paired Actions as Communication Development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9002-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Bia\u0142ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Jagiellonian University  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2729-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wim","family":"Pouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Cognitive Science, Research Center for Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence Tilburg University  Tilburg the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3688-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babajide Alamu","family":"Owoyele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems Hasso Plattner Institute Potsdam  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9750-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Ignatianum University in Krakow  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984\u2010015\u20100090\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"The Emergence of Symbols: Cognition and Communication in Infancy","author":"Bates E.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"The Acquisition of Performatives Prior to Speech","volume":"21","author":"Bates E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Merrill\u2010Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.25.6.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2007.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010005\u20100169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/ajks6_v3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Ethological Studies of Child Behaviour","author":"Blurton Jones N.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2016.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316286302.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003018599-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0140525x04000032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Advancing Developmental Science: Philosophy, Theory, and Method","author":"Carpendale J. 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