{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:14:52Z","timestamp":1788408892488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["802979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["802979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infancy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Learning to regulate one's emotions is a key feature of socio\u2010emotional development. The still\u2010face experiment\u2014which measures how infants respond to a sudden change in maternal responsiveness\u2014has long been considered a reliable indicator of infant reactivity and regulation. However, as a paradigm established to fit Western, middle\u2010class industrialized contexts, its robustness in other cultural contexts, has been questioned. Differences in responses to the still\u2010face experiment are likely shaped by variation in infant\u2010caregiver interactions and practices. To expand the literature and address sampling biases, we conducted the still\u2010face experiment with 10\u2010month\u2010old infants (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0138, 68 female) across three sites, in rural and urban Uganda and urban UK. Across sites, we found the expected patterns of decreased infant positive affect and gaze toward their caregiver in the still\u2010face phase. However, while infants in urban Uganda and the UK exhibited increased negative affect when their mother ceased interacting, infants from rural Uganda did not. Our findings highlight important variation across socio\u2010cultural contexts in infant emotional reactivity and interaction style, suggesting that infants' responses to the still\u2010face paradigm may be shaped by the broader caregiving environments in which they develop.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:53:51Z","timestamp":1787201631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cultural Variation in Emotional Reactivity and Regulation in Infants From Uganda and the UK"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Vreden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"},{"name":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education  Frankfurt am Main 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Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3363-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Budongo Conservation Field Station  Masindi Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7310-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Slocombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of York  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Tuohy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zanna","family":"Clay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20108606.2008.00044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17953\/amer.34.1.l3176027k4q614v5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327078in0903_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2022.101732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Christensen 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