{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:03:43Z","timestamp":1790222623761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u2010NAZ\u20100420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u2010NAZ\u20100420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u2010NAZ\u20100410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u2010NAZ\u20100410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infancy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Being ostracized is a stressful experience that affects behavioral and physiological reactivity in adults. However, evidence regarding its impact early in life remains limited. This study investigated whether inclusion or exclusion during a ball\u2010tossing game influenced physiological and behavioral reactivity in 8\u2010month\u2010old infants (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a059; 24 girls and 35 boys). It also explored whether parent\u2010infant interaction dynamics and parental mind\u2010attuned comments modulate infants' physiological responses, fostering greater adaptation to the social context. Results highlighted that excluded infants showed reduced heart rate variability (indexed via the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences, RMSSD), reflecting a heightened stress response, compared to included infants. They also displayed lower positive emotionality, higher negative emotionality, and greater active engagement, suggesting that sensitivity to ostracism emerges early in life. Exploratory analyses also revealed a modulatory role of parental behavior in shaping infants' physiological responses. Overall, these findings highlight that, since early life, infants exhibit physiological and behavioral reactions to ostracism, in line with the hypotheses that a system to detect and respond to social exclusion is present since the early stages of development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:53:14Z","timestamp":1790221994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Stress of Being Left Out: Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Ostracism in Preverbal Infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1515-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Basset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermanno","family":"Quadrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"},{"name":"NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7496-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Turati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"},{"name":"NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann","family":"Bulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"},{"name":"NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412961288.n178"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320338"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.117.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development","author":"Bayley N.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00350"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895\u20104356(00)00314\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1997.tb02140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000689"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000471"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051\u20105545.2010.tb00297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052212"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/hm.hm_31_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2009.00890.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010025\u201001824\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163\u20106383(81)80032\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","unstructured":"Gamer M. J.Lemon I.Fellows andP.Singh.2019. \u201cIrr: Various Coefficients of Interrater Reliability and Agreement. R package Version 0.84.1.\u201dhttps:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=irr."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12843"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sode.12484"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00621"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2011.638815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00956"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","unstructured":"ISTAT.2020.Nidi E Servizi Educativi per L\u2019Infanzia: Stato Dell\u2019Arte Criticit\u00e0 E Sviluppi Del Sistema Educativo Integrato 0\u20136.www.istat.it\/it\/files\/2020\/06\/report\u2010infanzia_def.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2014.883325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.08.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010023\u201001678\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1015649"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1411697"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2016.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651\u20102227.2006.tb02379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545\u20105300.2008.00265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12245"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","unstructured":"Meins E. andC.Fernyhough.2015.Mindmindedness Coding Manual. Version 2.2: [Unpublished manuscript.]."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.40.6.1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359\u2010023\u201001219\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115707"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00922"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2008.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21123998"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050352"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1995.tb01213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167\u20108760(01)00162\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1299041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201011310\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.22085"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005085"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689\u2010020\u201009337\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426\u2010018\u20100993\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00889"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13457"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kubios HRV Software User\u2019s Guide","author":"Tarvainen M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kubios Oy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2024.106110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010016\u20100191\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.44.1.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13494"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.79.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167297237003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529\u2010018\u20109720\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12689"}],"container-title":["Infancy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/infa.70128","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/infa.70128","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/infa.70128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:53:19Z","timestamp":1790221999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/infa.70128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/infa.70128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/infa.70128","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-0008","1532-7078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-0008","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-7078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70128"}}