{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:52:20Z","timestamp":1789447940116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Mental Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In addiction treatment, harm reduction is a philosophy that aims to reduce the harms from ongoing alcohol and other drug use. Although abstinence may be the \u2018gold standard\u2019 in reducing harm from ongoing alcohol and other drug use, harm reduction recognises that abstinence may not be achievable for certain individuals. Accordingly, harm reduction is used to enable medical or mental health treatment for individuals who continue to use alcohol and other drugs, providing a form of care which meets individuals where they present to healthcare facilities. Harm reduction accepts ongoing alcohol and other drug use, while providing a traditionally marginalised cohort of individuals access to healthcare services. In this perspective paper, we argue that the role of nurses in promoting and utilising harm reduction as part of their regular practice is essential to both reducing harm from alcohol and other drug use, engaging individuals who use alcohol and other drugs in healthcare services, and providing a means to accept individuals as they are to build trust and rapport for engagement in addiction treatment when they are ready, and at their own pace. Nurses, by virtue of their role and number in the healthcare landscape (approximately 28 million globally), are ideally placed to implement harm reduction in their practice to achieve better outcomes for individuals who use alcohol and other drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T08:18:54Z","timestamp":1726820334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Harm Reduction as a Form of \u2018Wrap\u2010Around\u2019 Care: The Nursing Role"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marissa D.","family":"Abram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Nursing  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Jugdoyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing School of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Murphy\u2010Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschultz Medical Center  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7457-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Searby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University School of Nursing and Midwifery  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16596"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00380261221150080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2012.700473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15381500802307492"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12867"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2021.1955641"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2023.100196"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","unstructured":"Centre for Evaluation and Research Evidence.2023.Review of the Medically Supervised Injecting Room.https:\/\/content.health.vic.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\u201003\/review\u2010of\u2010the\u2010msir\u2010final\u2010report\u2010february\u20102023.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103820"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.952909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010020\u201000370\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1277562"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461\u2010022\u201003727\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ada\u2010200032290"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"Heinrich M.2022.Joint Economic Committee\u2014Democrats: The Economic Toll of the Opioid Crisis Reached Nearly $1.5 Trillion in 2020.https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/democrats\/2022\/9\/the\u2010economic\u2010toll\u2010of\u2010the\u2010opioid\u2010crisis\u2010reached\u2010nearly\u20101\u20105\u2010trillion\u2010in\u20102020."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010016\u20100109\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010022\u201000609\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801995668"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","volume-title":"Further Evaluation of the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre During its Extended Trial Period (2007\u20132011)","author":"KPMG","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104603(96)00042\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306\u20104603(02)00294\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/npy.13.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524\u2010008\u20109271\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104900"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010020\u201000395\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00132576-200211000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.51.3.390"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939\u2010023\u201002050\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230600944529"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230500102434"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104274"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","article-title":"State of the Workforce 2020: Mapping the Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) Nursing Workforce in Australia and New Zealand","author":"Searby A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Nurses of Australasia (DANA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103670"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239500185371"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030948"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011\u2010020\u201000295\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.2023.Harm Reduction Framework.https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/find\u2010help\/harm\u2010reduction\/framework."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210028233","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2023","author":"United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","unstructured":"Victorian Government.2023.Review of the Medically Supervised Injecting Room Final Report: Key Findings and Recommendations.https:\/\/content.health.vic.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2023\u201003\/review\u2010of\u2010the\u2010msir\u2010final\u2010report\u2010february\u20102023.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.13230"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy\/7.2.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2023.Landmark Public Health Decisions by WHO on Essential Medicines for Alcohol Use Disorders.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/08\u201008\u20102023\u2010landmark\u2010public\u2010health\u2010decisions\u2010by\u2010WHO\u2010on\u2010essential\u2010medicines\u2010for\u2010alcohol\u2010use\u2010disorders#:~:text=It%20is%20estimated%20that%20worldwide million%20people%20with%20alcohol%20dependence."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2018.Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565639."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inm.13436","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/inm.13436","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inm.13436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:34:45Z","timestamp":1772962485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/inm.13436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/inm.13436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.13436","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1445-8330","1447-0349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1445-8330","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13436"}}