{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:56:58Z","timestamp":1791269818906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Mental Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Workplace bullying and organizational incivility are widespread psychosocial hazards in healthcare, putting nurses at a heightened risk for emotional distress. While prior research has demonstrated their harmful effects, the mechanisms through which these stressors influence psychological outcomes are still not well understood. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study aimed to investigate whether life satisfaction and work and social adjustment function as parallel mediators linking workplace mistreatment to emotional distress among nurses. A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted among 1355 registered nurses from 12 hospitals. Participants completed validated measures of workplace bullying, organizational incivility, life satisfaction, work and social adjustment, and emotional distress. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed using maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate direct and indirect pathways. Mediation effects were tested using bias\u2010corrected bootstrapping with 5000 resamples. Both workplace bullying and organizational incivility were significantly associated with lower life satisfaction and greater work and social impairment. Life satisfaction negatively predicted emotional distress, whereas work and social impairment showed a positive association. The final SEM demonstrated excellent fit indices (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/df\u2009=\u20091.467; RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.024; CFI\u2009=\u20090.98), supporting full mediation via the two parallel pathways. Indirect effects of workplace bullying and organizational incivility on emotional distress were significant. Findings highlight dual cognitive\u2010evaluative and functional\u2010behavioural mechanisms through which workplace mistreatment contributes to emotional distress, aligning with COR theory. However, the cross\u2010sectional design limits causal inference, and the reliance on self\u2010report measures may introduce common method bias; these limitations should be considered when interpreting the findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.70308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:17:26Z","timestamp":1783927046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Workplace Bullying and Organizational Incivility on Nurses' Emotional Distress: Exploring Parallel Mediation Through Life Satisfaction and Functional Impairment\u2014A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9574-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehran","family":"Tahrekhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Abhar School of Nursing Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9519-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Rasouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3718-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Amirreza","family":"Rasouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Amol School of Nursing and Midwifery Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6070-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Saed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Workplace Bullying and Work Environment Among Nurses Working at Razi Psychiatric Center","volume":"19","author":"Ahmadi Jirandeh R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Nursing 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J.Escart\u00edn Solanelles S.Einarsen H.Hoel andM.Vartia.\u201cEmpirical Findings on Prevalence and Risk Groups of Bullying in the Workplace \u201d(2010).","DOI":"10.1201\/EBK1439804896-6"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inm.70308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/inm.70308","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inm.70308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:06:18Z","timestamp":1787648778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/inm.70308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/inm.70308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.70308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1445-8330","1447-0349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1445-8330","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-0349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70308"}}