{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:24:03Z","timestamp":1787649843161,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Mental Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>M\u0101ori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand have poorer outcomes and experiences when accessing adult mental health services (MHS), including higher rates of seclusion and compulsory treatment. These inequities for M\u0101ori represent a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, the constitutional foundation of Aotearoa New Zealand, and stem from over a 100\u2009years of European colonisation involving massive confiscation of M\u0101ori land, population decline, and suppression of M\u0101ori identity and culture. The recent New Zealand mental health Inquiry, He Ara Oranga, emphasised the need to transform the cultural responsiveness of mental health services for M\u0101ori. Similar issues were highlighted by Dr. Irihapeti Ramsden who pioneered the concept of cultural safety for M\u0101ori in nursing practice, which when applied to M\u0101ori consumers is referred to as \u2018Kawa Whakaruruhau\u2019. This qualitative study explored 10 M\u0101ori and non\u2010M\u0101ori senior nursing leaders' perspectives on the status of Kawa Whakaruruhau and Cultural Safety for M\u0101ori consumers (t\u0101ngata whaiora) and their family (wh\u0101nau) accessing adult MHS in Aotearoa\u2010New Zealand. The participants came from four health regions and a national mental health nursing organisation. Key themes focussed on Kawa Whakaruruhau and Cultural Safety as either cultural competence or power relationships between nurses and M\u0101ori, and there were many opportunities for improving Kawa Whakaruruhau in services. The results suggested that from a nursing perspective, the status of Kawa Whakaruruhau and Cultural Safety in adult mental health services for t\u0101ngata whaiora M\u0101ori and their wh\u0101nau is highly problematic. This report is adherent with the COREQ checklist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.70333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:28:57Z","timestamp":1786706937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Senior Nurses' Perspectives on Kawa Whakaruruhau and Cultural Safety for M\u0101ori Accessing Adult Mental Health Services in Aotearoa\u2010New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4585-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Reweti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0852-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. R.","family":"Kake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Articulating Cultural Practice Within a New Zealand Nursing Context","author":"Baker C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241280918"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69909-7_3470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Report of the Christchurch Polytechnic Council on the Events and Procedures Which Gave Rise to Media Reports of a Letter From a Former Nursing Student","author":"Christchurch Polytechnic","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939\u2010019\u20101082\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939\u2010025\u201002478\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116691"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Mental Health in Nursing, Theory and Practice for Clinical Settings","author":"Donaldson A. 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