{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:27:10Z","timestamp":1792603630206,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]],"date-time":"2020-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with workplace violence against emergency department nurses in Oman.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Violence against healthcare professionals, including nurses, is a global public health problem. Understanding the epidemiology of violence is crucial for the implementation of appropriate preventative and management policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a multi\u2010centre cross\u2010sectional study in February 2019 utilizing a widely employed self\u2010report questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. We invited all emergency department nurses working in four governmental hospitals in Al\u2010Sharqiyah and Al\u2010Dakhiliyah Governorates of Oman to participate in the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 103 respondents, most were Omani (57.3%), female (73.8%), and 30\u00a0years or older (65%). The majority (87.4%) were exposed to violence in the past 12\u00a0months, and non\u2010physical violence (84.5%) was over fourfold greater than physical violence (18.4%). Most physical and non\u2010physical incidents took place during weekends (68.4% and 82.8%, respectively) and in the afternoon or night shifts (78.9\u202c% and 93.1%, respectively), and family members and visitors were the most common perpetrators of violence (62.6% physical and 66.7% non\u2010physical). Non\u2010Omani nurses (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03) and those with education less than a bachelor\u2019s degree (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) were less likely to experience physical violence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion\/Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workplace violence is highly prevalent among emergency department nurses in Oman. Future studies should investigate violent incident reporting, and the causes and consequences of workplace violence on nurses\u2019 psychological and physical well\u2010being, work functioning and the quality of care provided to patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for Nursing Policy<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high prevalence of workplace violence is alarming and demonstrates the need for additional interventions to reduce violence and limit its consequences on healthcare professionals and patients\u2019 quality of care. Findings from this study can be used to implement changes in existing anti\u2010violence policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T05:45:52Z","timestamp":1580103952000},"page":"249-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Workplace violence against emergency department nurses in Oman: a cross\u2010sectional multi\u2010institutional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"S.A.","family":"Al\u2010Maskari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibra Hospital Ibra Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.S.","family":"Al\u2010Busaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Christchurch School of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Christchurch Hospital Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Al\u2010Maskari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibra Hospital Ibra Oman"},{"name":"Oman College of Health Sciences, North Al\u2010Sharqiyah Branch Ibra Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmu004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.JFCM_170_17","article-title":"Violence towards healthcare workers: a study conducted in Abha City, Saudi Arabia","volume":"25","author":"Alsaleem S.A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Family & Community Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.JFCM_45_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ER-02-2017-0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npls.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Industry Injury and Illness Data \u2013 2017","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n1p90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Policy and Procedure of Workplace Violence Prevention","author":"Directorate General of Quality Assurance Center","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Policy of Oman National System for Emergency Triage (ONSET) in Hospitals","author":"Directorate General of Specialized Medical Care","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector","author":"International Labour Office","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Penalty, jail for attacks on doctors. 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