{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:31:41Z","timestamp":1784597501204,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses provide healthcare in prisons worldwide. Working within security restraints, in environments not designed for nursing care, custodial health nurses (CHNs) use specialist nursing skills and knowledge to do essential work. Rapid increases in prisoner age, infirmity and ill\u2010health of prisoners mandate their access to these nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To raise awareness of the CHNs struggle for specialty status within the nursing profession, public health frameworks and prisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sources of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Publicly available information is organised and analysed through the author's lens of 20 years working in the Australian prison system as a general nurse and nurse practitioner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHNs efforts towards becoming a specialty within nursing, public health and prisons are ongoing. Overcoming barriers and maximising facilitators to effective CHN practice would be indicators of successful incorporation of nursing models that assist prisoner patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Prison healthcare contexts are unique regarding prisoner health and funding that impacts the CHNs resourcing, their scope of practice and acceptance of nursing in prison systems and the broader healthcare sectors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater visibility of the CHNs will help promote policy reforms regarding nursing services within a changing prisoner demographic. Changes to educational and professional support for CHNs are needed. Policy restrictions on funding for CHN models in Australia fall short of international standards for prison healthcare; however, political and organisational commitment in this area will be necessary to attain community\u2010equivalent healthcare standards across the custodial setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for nursing and other policies<\/jats:title><jats:p>Professional structures, competencies and specialty policy frameworks are required to promote CHNs as advocates for prisoners needing care and their professional development. CHNs at the forefront of policy development and review will benefit all stakeholders in custodial health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T17:54:37Z","timestamp":1671731677000},"page":"273-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The emergence of custodial health nursing as a specialty whose time has come: An Australian experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine","family":"Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Newcastle School of Nursing and Midwifery  Callaghan NSW Australia"},{"name":"Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery The University of Sydney  Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Correctional nursing: scope and standards of practice","author":"American Nurses Association","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"ACTOSS (ACT Council of Social Service)(2022)Peak bodies in the ACT. 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