{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:51:57Z","timestamp":1792428717605,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004912","name":"Sichuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HXHL20049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HXHL20049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72174135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72174135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of ward operational efficiency on nursing workload and identify the factors that influence nursing workload.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It remains unclear how and to what extent ward operational efficiency can influence nursing workload.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective observational study was conducted from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023, in one tertiary general hospital in China. Purposive and convenience sampling was used, and 266 470 patients from 66 wards and 52 nurses from 13 wards were recruited. The relationships between operational efficiency and nursing workload and the predictors of nursing workload were analyzed. The STROBE guidelines were followed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The operational characteristics vary by the type of wards. Nursing workloads were positively correlated with case mix index (CMI), rate of level 4 surgery, the number of patients transferred in and out, the number of deaths, total bed days, and the number of emergency admissions and critical illnesses (\u03b3<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>: 0.35\u20130.56, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). And the CMI, rate of level 4 surgery, average bed occupancy rate, number of critically ill patients, and total bed days were the predictors of nursing workload (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a057.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to discuss the relationship between operational efficiency and nursing workload on the ward level and offers valuable insights into the nursing workload.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The operational efficiency of wards affects the nursing workload and needs to be considered both in the measurement of nursing activities and in the sizing of the nursing staff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for nursing and nursing policy<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study findings provide a full understanding of the relationship between ward operation and nurse staffing, which is helpful for nursing managers to formulate scientific nurse staffing policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.13049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T07:43:25Z","timestamp":1729583005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Operational efficiency effect on nursing workload of tertiary hospital wards in China: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9288-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong\u2010Fei","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University\/Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 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Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital\/West China School of Nursing Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui\u2010Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department of West China Hospital\/West China School of Nursing Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Min","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You\u2010Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Centre, Cochrane China Center West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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