{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:46:10Z","timestamp":1782290770767,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify nurses\u2019 preventive support needs related to the second victim phenomenon and develop consensus\u2010based strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient safety incidents can trigger the second victim phenomenon, causing psychological distress among healthcare professionals. While early approaches focused on post\u2010incident support, recent research emphasizes preventive strategies. Pre\u2010incident support remains limited, underscoring the need for nursing\u2010specific preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A convergent mixed\u2010methods design combined focus group interviews and a three\u2010round Delphi survey. Eleven nurses explored preventive support needs through thematic analysis. Fourteen experts evaluated necessity, feasibility, and validity via Delphi. Reporting followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research and Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses experienced emotional distress, stigma, and turnover intentions, exacerbated by limited formal support. Four key components were identified: incident prevention and response, understanding of the second victim phenomenon, post\u2010incident support, and access to resources. Key strategies included case\u2010based education, empathy training, and anonymous digital delivery. Experts validated these measures and advocated for systematic integration into institutional frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings align with and extend recent international models of second victim support. Blame\u2010prone cultures, hierarchical structures, and shift\u2010based work shaped distress and preferences for anonymous digital support, with managerial engagement as a cross\u2010cutting enabler.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventive education, leadership engagement, and organizational preparedness should be embedded into routine systems to ensure accessible and sustainable support for second victims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventive second victim interventions should be integrated into orientation programs, with leadership training to foster psychological safety and digital platforms to expand access for shift\u2010based nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Health Policy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevention strategies should be embedded in national guidelines and accreditation standards, requiring standardized protocols, dedicated funding, and coordinated policy commitment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:16:27Z","timestamp":1781529387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive Support Strategies for the Second Victim Phenomenon in Nurses: A Mixed\u2010Method Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1388-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanseulgi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nam\u2010Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pts.0000000000000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pts.0000000000000589"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12317"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131961"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","volume-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell J. 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