{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:00:31Z","timestamp":1790373631653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between sleepiness and nurses\u2019 self\u2010reported cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, and self\u2010reported shift handover effectiveness during night shifts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses are exposed to sleep deprivation during night shifts, constituting a substantial risk to both patient safety and workplace safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive study was conducted between January and June 2025 at a tertiary university hospital in T\u00fcrkiye. The sample comprised 270 nurses employed in emergency departments, intensive care units, and medical\/surgical wards. Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, the Visual Analog Scale, the Handover Evaluation Scale, and the Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>EQUATOR checklist<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The nurses\u2019 mean sleepiness score was 6.41 \u00b1 1.81. The mean sleepiness scores at midnight, 03:00 a.m., and 06:00 a.m. were 4.40 \u00b1 2.62, 7.26 \u00b1 2.17, and 7.58 \u00b1 2.35, respectively. According to the analyses, higher sleepiness was associated with lower self\u2010reported cognitive control and cognitive flexibility (\u03b2 = \u22120.510,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.379,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and lower self\u2010reported shift handover effectiveness (\u03b2 = \u22120.670,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.619,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant indirect association between sleepiness and self\u2010reported shift handover effectiveness through self\u2010reported cognitive control and cognitive flexibility was observed (standardized \u03b2 = \u22120.107, 95% BC CI: \u22120.257 to \u22120.023). The goodness\u2010of\u2010fit indices of the structural equation model indicated an acceptable model fit (CMIN\/DF = 1.525, RMSEA = 0.044, CFI = 0.989).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher night\u2010shift sleepiness was associated with lower self\u2010reported cognitive control and cognitive flexibility, as well as lower self\u2010reported shift handover effectiveness. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing sleepiness as an occupational health concern and support further investigation into organizational strategies to reduce sleepiness and support nurses\u2019 cognitive functioning during night shifts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing and Nursing Policy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleepiness among night\u2010shift nurses should be recognized as an important occupational health and workforce concern. Healthcare organizations may consider monitoring sleepiness and exploring strategies to support nurses\u2019 cognitive functioning during night shifts. However, further multisite longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of specific scheduling and fatigue\u2010management interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:38:26Z","timestamp":1788511106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleepiness During Night Shifts and Nurses\u2019 Self\u2010Reported Cognitive Control, Cognitive Flexibility, and Handover Effectiveness: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130ncesu Ay\u015fe and Saffet Arslan Health Services Vocational School Department of Medical Services and Techniques University of Kayseri  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9401-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cevriye","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130ncesu Ay\u015fe and Saffet Arslan Health Services Vocational School Department of Medical Services and Techniques University of Kayseri  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4346-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunus","family":"G\u00f6kkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Master's Program, Institute of Health Sciences Erciyes University  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010023\u201001673\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2005.015107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2025.102163"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnj.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12932"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020460"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal\u2010D\u201017\u201000088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jtsm.galenos.2024.26214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/nan.2023.134064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26650\/SP2019\u20100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzaa170"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02219"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000001216"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695\u201020241205\u201003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201039271\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1390643"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103667"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/26029.10324"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12963"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37609\/akya.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2023.2.20220108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040607"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.978"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54103\/dn\/27005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16673"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.95729"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201905_17963"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000348"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12189"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","volume-title":"SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS","author":"Pallant J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016\u20101083"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0488"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15010018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24840\/2184\u20100954_004.002_0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2023.2174879"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12787"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","unstructured":"Turkey.1983. \u201cRegulations for the Operation of Inpatient Treatment Facilities 2889 \u00a7 48.\u201dhttps:\/\/mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=85319&MevzuatTur=3&MevzuatTertip=5."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab137"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010024\u201002651\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2018.1497642"}],"container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inr.70219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/inr.70219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inr.70219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:23:04Z","timestamp":1790371384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/inr.70219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/inr.70219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inr.70219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8132","1466-7657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8132","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-7657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70219"}}