{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:00:23Z","timestamp":1790373623598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025164","name":"Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the experiences of Thai nurses who work while pregnant, focusing on their perceptions of workplace support and obstacles, and how these factors affect their health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant nurses in Thailand often continue working in demanding hospital environments, facing physical, chemical, and biological hazards that may affect both maternal and fetal health. Despite existing labor regulations, maternity protections are limited in government hospitals, and job adjustments are rarely implemented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive qualitative design was used with purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected between October 2024 and May 2025 through face\u2010to\u2010face, semi\u2010structured interviews with 26 registered nurses in their first to third trimesters, recruited from hospitals in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Qualitative content analysis identified key themes and patterns in participants\u2019 experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three major themes emerged: navigating physical changes and the pregnancy's effect on nursing practice; managing professional duty and workplace pressures; and workplace support structures and policy gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy\u2010related physical and emotional changes heightened the challenges of clinical work, especially in high\u2010demand units. While support from colleagues and family helped lessen these burdens, many nurses reported limited formal adjustments and inconsistent managerial responses, which increased stress and affected their perceived safety at work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thai nurses working during pregnancy face significant challenges with insufficient structural and policy support to ensure safe and sustainable practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing administrators should adjust workloads, minimize occupational hazards, and provide clear guidance and training to promote equitable practices that protect maternal health and foster a supportive environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing Policy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengthened maternity protection policies, flexible job adjustments, and defined institutional support systems may contribute to safeguarding pregnant nurses\u2019 well\u2010being and promote safer workplaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:13:07Z","timestamp":1787839987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experience of Thai Nurses\u2019 Work During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Descriptive Research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7253-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preeyakamon","family":"Krikitrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Nursing Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1293-9691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petsunee","family":"Thungjaroenkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Administration Nursing Faculty of Nursing Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wongduean","family":"Chaiwipassatorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4536-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal L.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Clinical Sciences School of Nursing University of Michigan, Ann Arbor  Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2020\u20100259"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed\u20102018\u2010105592"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJHCQA\u201005\u20102018\u20100107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102648.2007.04569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Council Directive 92\/85\/EEC of 19 October 1992 on the Introduction of Measures to Encourage Improvements in the Safety and Health at Work of Pregnant Workers and Workers Who Have Recently Given Birth or Are Breastfeeding","volume":"348","author":"European Economic Community (EEC)","year":"1992","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Communities L"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed\u20102015\u2010103026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jradnu.2019.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/08910162\u201020110825\u201004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","unstructured":"Hospital administrative records.2021.Service Profile Report 2021. Unpublished institutional report."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","unstructured":"Jackson Health System.2023.Understanding Each Trimester of Your Pregnancy.https:\/\/maternity.jacksonhealth.org\/pregnancy\u2010milestones\/first\u2010second\u2010third\u2010trimester\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Caring of Women During Pregnant and Childbirth: Reflection of Their Cultural Belief","volume":"32","author":"Jamjan L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Phrapokklao Nursing College, Chanthaburi"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010023\u201001704\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5807\/KJOHN.2013.22.3.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30199-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000552583.69729.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9010016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Gender Roles and Social Dynamics: An Anthropological Perspective on Thai Traditional Family Structures","volume":"1","author":"Meethaisong T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Exploration in Interdisciplinary Methodologies"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Labour Thailand.2026a.Labour Law.https:\/\/www.mol.go.th\/en\/labour\u2010law?."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Labour Thailand.2026b.The Labour Protection Act (No. 9) B.E. 2568 (2025).https:\/\/ratchakitcha.soc.go.th\/documents\/89818.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES\u201023\u201000184"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31039\/ljss.2022.3.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104092"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098240X(200008)23:4<334::AID\u2010NUR9>3.0.CO;2\u2010G"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","first-page":"741","article-title":"Analyses of Workload and Productivity of 12 Public Hospital Nurses in Region 2 of Thailand","volume":"24","author":"Sawaengdee K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Health Science of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56808\/2586940x.1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcomes in Nurses and Nursing Assistants","volume":"23","author":"Sumsrisuwan N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1048291116633871"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","unstructured":"Tucker J. J. S.Javiaid andS. D.Heydemann.2021.Pregnant Worker Need Accommodations for Safe and Healthy Workplace. Fact Sheet National Women's Law Center:1\u20137.https:\/\/nwlc.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pregnant\u2010Workers\u2010by\u2010the\u2010Numbers\u20102021\u2010v4.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","unstructured":"U. S. Department of Labor.2025.Employment Issues Related to Pregnancy Birth and Nursing.https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/wb\/pregnancy."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).2025.Density of Nursing and Midwifery Personnel (Per 10 000 Population).https:\/\/data.who.int\/indicators\/i\/B54EB15\/5C8435F#:~:text=Density%20of%20nursing%20and%20midwifery%20personnel%20(per 37.7%20per%2010%20000%20population%20in%202022."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069221147162"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"An Exploratory Study on the Causes of Career Interruption in Inactive Nurses","volume":"19","author":"Yu E. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Korea Academia Industrial Cooperation Society"}],"container-title":["International Nursing Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inr.70223","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/inr.70223","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/inr.70223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:23:32Z","timestamp":1790371412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/inr.70223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/inr.70223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inr.70223","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8132","1466-7657"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8132","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-7657","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70223"}}