{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:13:25Z","timestamp":1789866805117,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little information is available as to the safety of midazolam when used as an oral sedative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the side effects and other adverse outcomes following use of oral midazolam for behaviour management in paediatric dentistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review of published literature relating to the safety and side effects of oral midazolam for use in paediatric dental procedures was conducted. Both randomised controlled trials and non\u2010randomised studies were assessed. Reported side effects were recorded and classified as either significant or minor. The percentage prevalence of significant or minor side effects per episode of treatment was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen papers of randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. None of the side effects recorded were considered as significant. Minor side effects were reported (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a068, 14%), with nausea and vomiting being the most frequently recorded (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a030, 6%). Eleven papers of non\u2010randomised studies were included. No significant side effects were recorded. Minor side effects were recorded (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0157, 8%), with paradoxical reaction being the most common at 3.8%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant side effects associated with oral midazolam usage for behaviour management in children and adolescents requiring dental treatment appear to be rare. Minor side effects are more common but determining precise figures is complicated by poor reporting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T02:05:15Z","timestamp":1355450715000},"page":"2-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Safety of oral midazolam sedation use in paediatric dentistry: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Arathi","family":"Papineni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Queen Mary's Hospital Sidcup Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liege","family":"Louren\u00e7o\u2010Matharu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Paediatric Dentistry King's College London Dental Institute London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Paediatric Dentistry UCL Eastman Dental Institute London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2004.00520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"UK National Clinical Guidelines in Paediatric Dentistry: Guideline for the use of General Anaesthesia (GA) in Paediatric Dentistry","author":"Davies C","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"CD003877","article-title":"Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment","author":"Louren\u00e7o\u2010Matharu L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.Sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children and young people. 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