{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:37:28Z","timestamp":1792751848617,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]],"date-time":"2013-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>) is a lifelong neuro\u2010developmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social interactions and communication and by stereotyped, repetitive activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assess the oral health status and behaviours of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 100 children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> and 100 healthy children from Alexandria, Egypt. Data were collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Questionnaire assessed socio\u2010demographics, medical history, dental history, oral hygiene, dietary habits, and presence of self\u2010injurious behaviours. Clinical examination assessed behaviour during examination, gingival condition, plaque accumulation, caries, and other oral conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> had significantly poorer oral hygiene and gingival condition than healthy children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for both). No significant differences were found in caries prevalence or experience in primary or permanent dentition. More children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> behaved \u2018negatively\u2019 or \u2018definitely negatively\u2019 (37% and 11%) than did healthy controls (11% and 2%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Self\u2010injurious behaviour and bruxism were more practised by children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> (32% of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> and 2% of healthy children, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). More children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> had difficulty in accessing dental care (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The oral condition of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> might increase the risk of developing dental diseases. Their behaviour and life factors may complicate provision of services and limit access to dental care. Therefore, individualized oral health education programmes should be implemented for those children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T22:08:03Z","timestamp":1381529283000},"page":"314-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Oral health status and behaviours of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Amira A.","family":"El Khatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda M.","family":"El Tekeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha A.","family":"El Tantawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.086280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"460","volume-title":"Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent","author":"Weddell JA","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.25683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Parental attitudes regarding behavior guidance of dental patients with autism","volume":"30","author":"Marshall J","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707103370206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.CDC Features: CDC study an average of 1 in 110 children has an ASD. 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