{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:42:40Z","timestamp":1777452160268,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,30]],"date-time":"2016-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontal disease has a multifactorial etiology; however, dental plaque and possible sleep bruxism (SB) have not been tested together in children as predictors of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the variation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>, dental biofilm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBF<\/jats:styled-content>), gingival index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>), and plaque index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>) between localized and generalized pathological probing depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>), crestal bone loss (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBL<\/jats:styled-content>), and lack of delineation of lamina dura (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>) and to establish the association of DBF, GI, PI and SB with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CBL<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> in children with mixed dentition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty children were assessed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content> and underwent a clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> and three multiple variable analysis were used to analyze the data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> was found to be statistically significant for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>, between localized and generalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) and for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBF<\/jats:styled-content> between localized and generalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). The three multiple variable analysis showed statistically and clinically significant associations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBF<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 3.33); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.37), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.46) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 7.66) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBF<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 9.87) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> presented statistically significant association with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant associations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> DBF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> GI<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CBL<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> and the variations of the same factors between localized and generalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CBL<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> suggest the necessity of evaluating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> DBF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> GI<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> when children are screened in regular dental visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,30]],"date-time":"2016-01-30T14:24:14Z","timestamp":1454163854000},"page":"477-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of sleep bruxism and dental plaque factors on signs of periodontal disease in children in the mixed 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