{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:37:18Z","timestamp":1788428238959,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silver diamine fluoride (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content>) is a cariostatic agent used to adjunctively manage dental caries in high\u2010risk groups. However, black staining is a frequently reported side effect following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> application and influences the acceptability of this treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the staining potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> and the influence of the potassium Iodide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KI<\/jats:styled-content>) application on the degree of black staining over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extracted carious primary molars were collected and sorted into pairs matched by tooth type, size and location of the carious lesion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a035). Teeth were stratified to receive either 38% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> KI<\/jats:styled-content> immediately after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> application, or 12% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content>. Standardised timelapse photography and image processing software was used to evaluate staining over a period of 7\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> application, the onset of black staining occurred within 2\u00a0min and increased in value for up to 6\u00a0h post\u2010application. The use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KI<\/jats:styled-content> immediately after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> application resulted in no noticeable staining of the carious dentine or surrounding enamel. No significant differences were evident in the staining potential between the different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations (38% and 12%). Furthermore, root surface and cementum was found to stain darker and more readily when compared with the coronal enamel surface.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content> has the ability to visibly stain dental hard tissues and its staining potential may be modified by application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T04:10:23Z","timestamp":1530763823000},"page":"514-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Evaluation of the staining potential of silver diamine fluoride: <i>in\u00a0vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jilen","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6278-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert P.","family":"Anthonappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWA Dental School The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel. 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