{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:44:13Z","timestamp":1780083853294,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common chronic childhood disease with multifactorial etiology including poor parental dietary and hygiene behaviors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess toothbrushing\u2010related perceptions among parents with immigrant background living in Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A structured interview was performed with immigrant parents to assess their oral health\u2010related knowledge, beliefs, and attitude toward toothbrushing. Immigrant parents of non\u2010Western origin with newborn infants (0\u20106\u00a0months) were included in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of those interviewed, 66% chose to participate and they were found to have an average favorable attitudes, subjective norms, and strong perceptions of control related to child's tooth brushing with reported means of (3.3), (3.6), and (4.6), respectively. They had on average low indulgence (mean 7.8) with respect to this behavior and a relatively high level of knowledge (mean 6.9). Parents with strong intention toward toothbrushing (61%) had on average more frequent oral hygiene behavior than parents with weak intentions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents with non\u2010Western origin have adequate knowledge and intention toward toothbrushing, although some have an unsatisfactory attitude, which might affect the oral health of their children negatively. Culture and habits are contributing factors in ECC and should be addressed in oral health prevention policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T20:29:15Z","timestamp":1592425755000},"page":"80-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Attitudes toward brushing children's teeth\u2014A study among parents with immigrant status in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway Hordaland, Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5909-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elwalid F.","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal University SA University of Science and Technology Omdurman Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Nordrehaug","family":"\u00c5str\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dentistry Faculty of Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Statistics Norway (SSB).https:\/\/www.ssb.no.2019. 9 March 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659613515720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-010-9414-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818779853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1996.tb02394.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"805","article-title":"Early childhood caries and access to dental care among children of Portuguese\u2010speaking immigrants in the city of Toronto","volume":"74","author":"Werneck RI","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016350903301712"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.914569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303984"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.07.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Risk factors associated with early childhood caries","volume":"20","author":"Sun HB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Knowledge and behaviors regarding early childhood caries among low\u2010income women in Florida: a pilot study","volume":"89","author":"Rahbari M","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Knowledge and beliefs concerning early childhood caries from mothers of children ages zero to 12 months","volume":"36","author":"Azevedo MS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016350903364926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2011.613995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00528.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Determinants of oral health behavior among preschool children: application of the theory of planned behavior","volume":"19","author":"Soltani R","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0478-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896914530585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2010.521684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought sand actions: a social cognitive theory","author":"Bandura A","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2016.1225981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084416647727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","volume-title":"Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires","author":"Ian M","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.10.021"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fipd.12683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ipd.12683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ipd.12683","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ipd.12683","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T13:40:04Z","timestamp":1693748404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ipd.12683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ipd.12683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ipd.12683","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7439","1365-263X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7439","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-263X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}