{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:08:08Z","timestamp":1788264488631,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pacifier use is a major cause of anterior open bite (AOB), which negatively impacts the quality of life of children affected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the direct and indirect pathways related to pacifier sucking habit and AOB in preschool children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This 2\u2010year cohort study evaluated a random sample of preschool children (2\u20105\u00a0years of age) from Southern Brazil. Caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing socio\u2010economic and behavioural characteristics. Anterior open bite was recorded following the criteria recommended by Foster and Hamilton. Structural equation model was performed to assess the direct and indirect pathways among variables at baseline (T1) to predict the AOB at follow\u2010up (T2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarding the AOB, 407 children were evaluated at T1 and 187 at T2. The prevalence of AOB was 32.9% at baseline and 16.0% at follow\u2010up. The presence of AOB at follow\u2010up was directly affected by the change in pacifier sucking habit from T1 to T2. Considering the indirect paths, the AOB at T1 influenced the AOB in T2 via a change of pacifier sucking habit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that the non\u2010habit of sucking pacifiers is a fundamental strategy for the prevention of AOB as well as the promotion of health in childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T02:07:00Z","timestamp":1600481220000},"page":"278-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pathways to anterior open bite after changing of pacifier sucking habit in preschool children: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renita Baldo","family":"Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7792-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Kl\u00f6ckner","family":"Knorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alana Beatriz Redel","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3569-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Vargas\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry School of Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5109-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Machado","family":"Ardenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Guideline on management of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric dentistry","volume":"30","author":"Academy American of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD)","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"National Research on Oral Health: main results","author":"SB Brazil 2010","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201300003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2010.00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1472294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-020-0084-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102010000300021"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Occlusion in the primary dentition. 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