{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:16:47Z","timestamp":1785421007395,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited evidence of succinic acid release from amber necklace that justifies its biological plausibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the release of succinic acid from Baltic amber beads in the presence of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Baltic amber beads from the necklace were stratified according to their weight (average 0.05\u2009g\u2009\u00b1\u20090.067). Subsequently, the beads (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) were submerged in 0.9% buffered saline (Control) or brain\u2013heart infusion culture medium in the presence of a commercial strain <jats:italic>of S.\u2009epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, a resident skin bacterium incubated at 37\u00b0C for 24\u2009h or 7\u2009days. The samples were centrifuged, and the supernatants were analyzed by <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Multivariate analyses were adopted using the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis method (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The group incubated with saline solution showed small release of succinic acid only after 7\u2009days. In the groups with <jats:italic>S.\u2009epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, the release of succinic acid was observed in the both presence and absence of amber beads, indicating that succinic acid is a product released by bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was found that amber beads do not exhibit the ability to release expressive succinic acid, especially in a short period of time, which does not justify their use in infants. The most production of succinic acid is tributed to <jats:italic>S.\u2009epidermidis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T00:45:10Z","timestamp":1721436310000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unjustified use of amber necklaces for teething symptoms alleviation: Succinic acid release underperforms compared with natural skin bacteria production"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0769-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelle Maciel Fernandes","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6908-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Souza","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5892-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liana Bastos","family":"Fernandes\u2010Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborator at National Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance\/CENABIO, Medical Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera Mendes","family":"Soviero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7219-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance\/CENABIO, Medical Biochemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kelly da Silva Fidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School Rio de Janeiro State University  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Artisans A.The Baltic Amber education room. 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