{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:02:33Z","timestamp":1791424953490,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202201AU070140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AU070140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental caries and extrinsic black tooth stain (EBS) are prevalent among children, with current evidence suggesting a negative correlation between them. It is unclear whether the factors contributing to developing or preventing dental caries and EBS are connected or aligned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of caries and EBS among children with primary, mixed and permanent dentitions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was designed as a cross\u2010sectional study. Probability proportionate to size sampling and simple random sampling methods were used to recruit children aged 5, 9 and 12. Three calibrated paediatric dentists conducted intra\u2010oral examinations. Nutritional supplements, oral health\u2013related behaviours and family background were collected. Bivariate analysis, negative binomial and binary logistic regression were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caries and EBS prevalence were 83.7% and 4.7%, respectively. A decreasing trend in caries and an increasing trend in EBS prevalence were observed across three dentitions. Caries were associated with EBS, oral hygiene, vitamin intake, gender, food\u2010pocketing habits, toothbrushing duration, dental attendance and socioeconomic status. EBS was more likely to occur in caries\u2010free children (OR\u2009=\u20094.42, 95% CI 2.97,6.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and children without vitamin consumption (OR\u2009=\u20091.59, 95% CI 1.07, 2.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of caries and EBS varied across different dentition stages. Their risk and protective factors were not significantly aligned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T03:38:59Z","timestamp":1732333139000},"page":"725-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dental Caries and Extrinsic Black Tooth Stain in Children With Primary, Mixed and Permanent Dentitions: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jiangling","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ni","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 2\/F Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 2\/F Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai Ming","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 2\/F Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global Oral Health Status Report: Towards Universal Health Coverage for Oral Health by 2030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415\u2010022\u20104345\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106831\u201013\u201068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345770560081001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201035240\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2017.56.01.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010013\u20101184\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19439\/j.sjos.2022.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368\u2010020\u201000549\u20103"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Black Stain and Dental Caries in Schoolchildren in Potenza, Italy","volume":"68","author":"Koch M. 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