{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:13:53Z","timestamp":1788232433650,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents with special needs are at elevated risk for oral diseases. This study examines factors contributing to dental caries among students attending special needs schools in Sydney to inform targeted preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional analysis was conducted using retrospective data from 320 individuals aged 5\u201319\u2009years, obtained through school\u2010based oral health assessments and parent\/caregiver questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Autism was the most common condition (75%), particularly among younger children. Notably, 24% of children aged 5\u201312 had never visited a dentist. Chi\u2010square analyses showed a higher caries risk in children with multiple medical conditions (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.312,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021), but no significant associations were observed with autism, toothbrushing frequency, toothpaste type, or sweet drink intake. Logistic regression identified medication use (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.421,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) and frequent sweet snack consumption (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.998,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046) as strong predictors, while autism remained non\u2010significant. This suggests that broader behavioural or physiological factors may be more important determinants of caries risk than individual oral hygiene practices alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reducing sugary snack intake may help lower caries risk. School\u2010based oral health education and self\u2010care support can promote better hygiene habits and long\u2010term independence. Future research should evaluate the feasibility of these caries preventive strategies in children and adolescents with special needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1759308929000},"page":"195-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dental Caries Risk and Prevention in Children and Adolescents With Special Needs: A Retrospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1364-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health the University of Sydney  Darlington Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health the University of Sydney  Darlington Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health the University of Sydney  Darlington Australia"},{"name":"Oral Health Services Nepean and Blue Mountain Local Health District, NSW Health  Kingswood Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Saponja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health the University of Sydney  Darlington Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirrily","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health the University of Sydney  Darlington Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"D'Hary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Services, Primary and Community Health Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School the University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Nursing School the University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2017\/25866.10110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195557"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics \u201cDisability Ageing and Carers Australia: Summary of Findings ABS \u201d(2022) https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/health\/disability\/disability\u2010ageing\u2010and\u2010carers\u2010australia\u2010summary\u2010findings\/latest\u2010release."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation \u201cTowards a Common Language for Functioning Disability and Health: ICF. 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