{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:21:13Z","timestamp":1777861273723,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivary cytokine assessment provides a non\u2010invasive method to evaluate the biocompatibility of metal\u2010based restorative materials in paediatric dentistry. Changes in IL\u201017 may indicate early immunological responses to stainless steel crowns (SSCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate salivary IL\u20102, IL\u20105, and IL\u201017 levels in children treated with SSCs and explore their potential immunological implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten paediatric patients aged 3\u20139\u2009years were included in this prospective study. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected before treatment and 7\u2009days after SSC placement. Cytokine expression was measured using RT\u2010qPCR. Statistical analyses included one\u2010way ANOVA for cytokine expression and the Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test for salivary nickel and chromium levels, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline IL\u20102, IL\u20105, and IL\u201017 levels were low and comparable. 7\u2009days after SSC placement, all cytokines increased. IL\u201017 and IL\u20105 showed significant upregulation, whereas IL\u20102 demonstrated only a minor, non\u2010significant change. Salivary nickel and chromium concentrations increased mildly but remained well below established safety thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stainless steel crowns (SSC) placement was associated with increased IL\u20105 and IL\u201017 expression, suggesting a localised, subclinical immune response potentially linked to low\u2010level metal\u2010ion exposure. These findings support the use of salivary cytokines as early biomarkers for assessing the biocompatibility and immunological safety of SSCs in paediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      identifier: (NCT06439095)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T02:25:12Z","timestamp":1767147912000},"page":"459-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Salivary\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u20102,\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u20105, and\n                    <scp>IL<\/scp>\n                    \u201017 Levels in Paediatric Patients Treated With Stainless Steel Crowns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2066-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcin","family":"Avci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University  Van T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9984-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaettin","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University  Van T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6306-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University  Van T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Longevity of Occlusally\u2010Stressed Restorations in Posterior Primary Teeth","volume":"18","author":"Hickel R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"CD005512","article-title":"Preformed Crowns for Decayed Primary Molar Teeth","volume":"12","author":"Innes N. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.168224"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to Mercury, Nickel and Chromium in Relation to Dental Materials","volume":"36","author":"Burrows D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/261037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236971"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20187126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tdj.tdj_24_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-962X.184649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9457-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1376-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Assessment of Nickel Release From Stainless Steel Crowns","volume":"11","author":"Ramazani N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry (Tehran)"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Evaluation of Nickel and Chromium Ion Release During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Using Inductively Coupled Plasma\u2010Mass Spectrometer: An in Vivo Study","volume":"7","author":"Nayak R. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.20978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2020.1820607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.624576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.234969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04840-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-6-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7857-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2023-242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/981984"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14199"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"387","article-title":"Nickel Antigen Induces IL\u20102 Secretion and IL\u20102 Receptor Expression Mainly on CD4+ T Cells, but no Measurable Gamma Interferon Secretion in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures in Delayed Type Hypersensitivity to Nickel","volume":"74","author":"Karttunen R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3156"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14693\/jdi.v27i3.1135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.55.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjw017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13020206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07233-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00264-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","unstructured":"V.Kapil \u201cChromium Toxicity \u201dUS Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Human Exposure to Nickel","volume":"53","author":"Grandjean P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"IARC Scientific Publications"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.123021"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ipd.70071","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ipd.70071","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ipd.70071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:27:52Z","timestamp":1777519672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ipd.70071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ipd.70071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ipd.70071","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-7439","1365-263X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-7439","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-263X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}