{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:44:17Z","timestamp":1785829457905,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Perinatal and neonatal factors associated with developmental defects of enamel (DDE) among children born prematurely have not been well studied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate perinatal and neonatal factors associated with DDE in primary dentition among children born prematurely.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A prospective observational study was performed including \u2264\u200932\u2009weeks gestational age (GA) infants within 12\u2009h after birth. Infants with TORCH infections, chromosomal disorders, craniofacial anomalies, inherited anomalies of teeth, organic acidemia, or who died were excluded. At 3\u2009years of corrected age, DDE was evaluated using the modified DDE index.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and eighty\u2010three infants were studied of which 77 developed DDE. GA was inversely associated with DDE (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75\u20130.99,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04). On multivariate logistic regression, maternal diabetes (OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.05\u201311.2,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04), preeclampsia (OR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15\u20130.73,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.006), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.05\u20135.7,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.03), and days on furosemide (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.001\u20131.04,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04) were associated with DDE.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n DDE in primary dentition is common among children born prematurely with incidence directly related to the degree of prematurity. Maternal diabetes, RDS, and days on furosemide may be risk factors, whereas preeclampsia may be protective for DDE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.70130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:46:43Z","timestamp":1785826003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perinatal and Neonatal Factors Associated With Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Dentition of Children Born Prematurely"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanhai","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5576-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjiv B.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University, Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12646","article-title":"Relationship Between Preterm Birth and Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Bensi C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345890680030201","article-title":"A Modified DDE Index for Use in Epidemiological Studies of Enamel Defects","volume":"68","author":"Clarkson J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.975340","article-title":"Relationship Between Preterm, Low Birth Weight, and Development Defects of Enamel in the Primary Dentition: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Xu S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Development of Enamel in Human Fetal Teeth","volume":"61","author":"Deutsch D.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00388","article-title":"Enamel Maturation: A Brief Background With Implications for Some Enamel Dysplasias","volume":"5","author":"Robinson C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1959.0209","article-title":"Relationship of Enamel Hypoplasia to Abnormal Events of Gestation and Birth","volume":"59","author":"Via W. 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