{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:00:46Z","timestamp":1785387646850,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Paed Dentistry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by pain and functional impairment of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Although postural factors have been increasingly implicated, evidence supporting an association between posture and TMD in children and adolescents is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the frequency of TMD in children and adolescents and evaluate its association with body posture, musculoskeletal symptoms, including back and neck pain, and mandibular function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in private schools, among children aged 10\u201317\u2009years. TMD was assessed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD). Posture was evaluated using the BackPEI\u2010CA questionnaire, and mandibular function was assessed using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS\u201020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study enrolled 83 participants (mean age: 13.34\u2009\u00b1\u20092.27\u2009years), with equal gender distribution. TMD was identified in 28.9% of the sample. Although 87.5% of TMD\u2010positive participants exhibited inadequate posture, the association was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.714). TMD\u2010positive individuals reported notable functional impairments in activities, including chewing, yawning, swallowing, and expressing emotions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TMD was observed in 28.9% of children and adolescents and was associated with significant mandibular functional impairment. However, no statistically significant association was identified between body posture and TMD in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.70132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:49:19Z","timestamp":1785386959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency of Temporomandibular Disorder and Its Association With Body Posture in Adolescents and Children: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8315-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Murtaza Raza","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taimur","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12661","article-title":"Gender Differences in Temporomandibular Disorders in Adult Populational Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Bueno C. 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