{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T02:40:16Z","timestamp":1692672016478},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When the influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1) pandemic spread across the globe from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>pril 2009 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ugust 2010, many <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> Member States used antiviral drugs, specifically neuraminidase inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>s) oseltamivir and zanamivir, to treat influenza patients in critical condition. Antivirals have been found to be effective in reducing severity and duration of influenza illness, and likely reduce morbidity; however, it is unclear whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>s used during the pandemic reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1 mortality. To assess the association between antivirals and influenza mortality, at an ecologic level, country\u2010level data on supply of oseltamivir and zanamivir were compared to laboratory\u2010confirmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1 deaths (per 100\u00a0000 people) from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>uly 2009 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ugust 2010 in 42 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> Member States. From this analysis, it was found that each 10% increase in kilograms of oseltamivir, per 100\u00a0000 people, was associated with a 1\u00b76% reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1 mortality over the pandemic period [relative rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b784 per log increase in oseltamivir supply]. Each 10% increase in kilogram of active zanamivir, per 100\u00a0000, was associated with a 0\u00b73% reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>1 mortality (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b797 per log increase). While limitations exist in the inference that can be drawn from an ecologic evaluation, this analysis offers evidence of a protective relationship between antiviral drug supply and influenza mortality and supports a role for influenza antiviral use in future pandemics. This article summarises the original study described previously, which can be accessed through the following citation: Miller <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>, Rambachan A, Hubbard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RJ<\/jats:styled-content>, Li J, Meyer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> et\u00a0al<\/jats:italic>. (2012) Supply of Neuraminidase Inhibitors Related to Reduced Influenza A (H1N1) Mortality during the 2009\u20132010 H1N1 Pandemic: An Ecological Study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PL<\/jats:styled-content>oS <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ONE<\/jats:styled-content> 7(9): e43491.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T10:10:52Z","timestamp":1377598252000},"page":"82-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Supply of neuraminidase inhibitors related to reduced influenza <scp>A<\/scp> (<scp>H<\/scp>1<scp>N<\/scp>1) mortality during the 2009\u20132010 <scp>H<\/scp>1<scp>N<\/scp>1 pandemic: summary of an ecological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Paula E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Saint Olaf College Northfield MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aksharananda","family":"Rambachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Saint Olaf College Northfield MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roderick J.","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Saint Olaf College Northfield MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiabai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Saint Olaf College Northfield MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Saint Olaf College Northfield MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMS Health London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Mounts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Rolfes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Penn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.1999.0602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7401.1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.8.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601266103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2006.4.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.135210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2011.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"United Nations United Nations Children's Fund: ChildInfo. Available athttp:\/\/www.unicef.org\/statistics\/index_24296.html(Accessed 12 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO.UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic(Accessed 15 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"United Nations United Nations Statistics Division: Statistical Databases. Available athttp:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/databases.htm(Accessed 15 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"United Nations United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects: the 2008 Revision Population Database. Available athttp:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpp\/(Accessed 15 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"International Obesity Task Force.Obesity prevalence worldwide. Available athttp:\/\/www.iaso.org\/iotf\/obesity\/(Accessed 15 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.World Health Organization Statistical Information System (WHOSIS). Available athttp:\/\/www.who.int\/whosis\/en\/(Accessed 15 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global health observatory. Available athttp:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/database\/en\/(Accessed 15 January 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"The Fund for Peace.Failed states index 2010. Available athttp:\/\/www.fundforpeace.org\/web\/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=452&Itemid=900(Accessed 15 January 2011)."}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.12092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T02:18:06Z","timestamp":1692670686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]}}}