{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:22:49Z","timestamp":1789899769130,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,8]],"date-time":"2013-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Japan has the highest frequency of neuraminidase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>) inhibitor use against influenza in the world. Therefore, Japan could be at high risk of the emergence and spread of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitor\u2010resistant viruses. The aim of this study was to monitor the emergence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitor\u2010resistant viruses and the possibility of human\u2010to\u2010human transmission during four influenza seasons in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To monitor antiviral\u2010resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, we examined viruses isolated in four seasons from the 2008\u20132009 season through the 2011\u20132012 season in Japan by allelic discrimination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> gene sequencing, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitor susceptibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that 157 (1\u00b73%) of 12\u00a0026 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates possessed an H275Y substitution in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> protein that confers about 400\u2010 and 140\u2010fold decreased susceptibility to oseltamivir and peramivir, respectively, compared with 275H wild\u2010type viruses. The detection rate of resistant viruses increased from 1\u00b70% during the pandemic period to 2\u00b70% during the post\u2010pandemic period. The highest detection rate of the resistant viruses was found in patients who were 0\u20139\u00a0years old. Furthermore, among the cases with resistant viruses, the percentage of no known exposure to antiviral drugs increased from 16% during the pandemic period to 44% during the post\u2010pandemic period, implying that suspected human\u2010to\u2010human transmission of the resistant viruses gradually increased in the post\u2010pandemic period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses resistant to oseltamivir and peramivir were sporadically detected in Japan, but they did not spread throughout the community. No viruses resistant to zanamivir and laninamivir were detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,8]],"date-time":"2013-06-08T06:21:05Z","timestamp":1370672465000},"page":"1390-1399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characterization of neuraminidase inhibitor\u2010resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in four seasons during pandemic and post\u2010pandemic periods in <scp>J<\/scp>apan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Emi","family":"Takashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Fujisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Kishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takato","family":"Odagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.05.08026-en","article-title":"Emergence of resistance to oseltamivir among influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Lackenby A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06085-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Meetings of the WHO working group on surveillance of influenza antiviral susceptibility\u2010Geneva, November 2011 and June 2012","volume":"87","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01339-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(03)00011-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1606.091623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200S04.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16934-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza; recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"60","author":"Fiore AE","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency:Pharmacological treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. 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