{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:12:06Z","timestamp":1783512726537,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Swine influenza A virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content>) reassortment with 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus has been documented, and new genotypes and subclusters of H3N2 have since expanded in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> swine population. An H3N2 variant (H3N2v) virus with the H1N1pdm09 matrix gene and the remaining genes of swine triple reassortant H3N2 caused outbreaks at agricultural fairs in 2011\u20132012.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess commercial swine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines' efficacy against H3N2 viruses, including those similar to H3N2v, antisera to three vaccines were tested by hemagglutinin inhibition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>) assay against contemporary H3N2. Vaccine 1, with high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content> cross\u2010reactivity, was further investigated for efficacy against H3N2 virus infection in pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>). In addition, efficacy of a vaccine derived from whole inactivated virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WIV<\/jats:styled-content>) was compared with live attenuated influenza virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAIV<\/jats:styled-content>) against H3N2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemagglutinin inhibition cross\u2010reactivity demonstrated that contemporary swine H3N2 viruses have drifted from viruses in current swine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines. The vaccine with the highest level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content> cross\u2010reactivity significantly protected pigs without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>. However, the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content> at vaccination blocked vaccine efficacy. The performance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WIV<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAIV<\/jats:styled-content> was comparable in the absence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Swine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>nited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tates is complex and dynamic. Vaccination to minimize virus shedding can help limit transmission of virus among pigs and people. However, vaccines must be updated. A critical review of the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WIV<\/jats:styled-content> in sows is required in the context of the current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> ecology and vaccine application in pigs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T06:30:19Z","timestamp":1384410619000},"page":"32-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Swine influenza virus vaccine serologic cross\u2010reactivity to contemporary <scp>US<\/scp> swine H3N2 and efficacy in pigs infected with an H3N2 similar to 2011\u20132012 H3N2v"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Pravina","family":"Kitikoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus and Prion Research Unit National Animal Disease Center USDA\u2010ARS Ames IA 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