{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:40:06Z","timestamp":1789954806470,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]],"date-time":"2015-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000415","name":"Northern Ireland Chest, Heart and Stroke Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013_23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013_23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Welcome TRust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["104516\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104516\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As the most important viral cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and increasing recognition as important in the elderly and immunocompromised, respiratory syncytial virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content>) is responsible for a massive health burden worldwide. Prophylactic antibodies were successfully developed against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content>. However, their use is restricted to a small group of infants considered at high risk of severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content> disease. There is still no specific therapeutics or vaccines to combat <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content>. As such, it remains a major unmet medical need for most individuals. The World Health Organisations International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO ICTRP<\/jats:styled-content>) and PubMed were used to identify and review all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine, prophylactic and therapeutic candidates currently in clinical trials. This review presents an expert commentary on all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific prophylactic and therapeutic candidates that have entered clinical trials since 2008.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,3]],"date-time":"2015-04-03T19:13:29Z","timestamp":1428088409000},"page":"169-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Respiratory syncytial virus, an ongoing medical dilemma: an expert commentary on respiratory syncytial virus prophylactic and therapeutic pharmaceuticals currently in clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Broadbent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection &amp; Immunity School of Medicine, Dentistry &amp; Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection &amp; Immunity School of Medicine, Dentistry &amp; Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection &amp; Immunity School of Medicine, Dentistry &amp; Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK"},{"name":"The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ultan F.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection &amp; Immunity School of Medicine, Dentistry &amp; Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309070110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0278-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31826fd39b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/595768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/61.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607103150201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"CD003123","article-title":"Epinephrine for bronchiolitis","volume":"2004","author":"Hartling L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"CD001266","article-title":"Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis","volume":"6","author":"Gadomski AM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"ICTRP Search Portal [Internet]. Available athttp:\/\/apps.who.int\/trialsearch\/Default.aspx(Cited 1 February 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Home \u2013 PubMed \u2013 NCBI [Internet]. Available athttp:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/(Cited 1 February 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197602192940803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197903083001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31815ac585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00355-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.48.5.745","article-title":"Clinical and immunological response of infants and children to administration of low\u2010temperature adapted respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"48","author":"Kim HW","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01704-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02769-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"IMPAACT P1114 (DAIDS ID 11948) A Phase I Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of the Recombinant Live\u2010Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine RSV cps2 Lot RSV # 005A Delivered as Nose Drops to RSV\u2010Seronegative Infants and Children 6 to 24 Mon.2014Available athttp:\/\/impaactnetwork.org\/studies\/P1114.asp(accessed 01 February 2015)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.20.11259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.20.10819-10828.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151098198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31823386f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050852"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","unstructured":"GlennG RaghunandanR LuH ZhouB NgaiK.Recombinant nanoparticle RSV F vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus: preclinical efficacy and clinical safety and immunogenicity.2011. Available athttps:\/\/www.novavax.com\/download\/file\/presentations\/RSV-F-Phase-1-Poster-2011_gs.pdf(accessed 01 February 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013677"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106536108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115941109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","unstructured":"BaudouxGJMFP BlaisN CyrSL RheaultP RuelleJL.Recombinant rsv antigens.Google Patents2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00715-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2008.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"RespiGam: an RSV immune globulin","volume":"22","author":"Oertel MD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta12020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation: a report of three cases and review","volume":"9","author":"Fouillard L","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Motavizumab, a second\u2010generation humanized mAb for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high\u2010risk populations","volume":"11","author":"Weisman LE","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Mol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01285-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","unstructured":"Human antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus f protein and methods of use thereof.2014. Patent number: US20140271653 A1."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S60710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm5017768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2477-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.9404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912186107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0422OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DevincenzoJ.Treatment with Oral ALS\u2010008176 a Nucleoside Analog Rapidly Reduces RSV Viral Load and Clinical Disease Severity in a Healthy Volunteer Challenge Study.IDWeek 2014. Idsa;2014.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu083.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","volume-title":"ALX\u20100171: A Highly Potent Nanobody as Inhalation Treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection","author":"Depla E","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","unstructured":"DetalleL.Delivery of ALX\u20100171 by inhalation greatly reduces disease burden in a neonatal lamb RSV infection model. 9th RSV Symp Stellenbosch 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","volume-title":"Development pf ALX\u20100171, an Inhaled Nanobody for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants","author":"Depla E","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-014-0179-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","unstructured":"RV568 a narrow spectrum kinase inhibitor (NSKI) inhibits virus induced nasal interleukin\u20108 (IL8) in the human viral challenge model where healthy adult male volunteers were experimentally inoculated with live respiratory syncytial virus [Internet]. Available athttp:\/\/erj.ersjournals.com\/content\/42\/Suppl_57\/1970.full.pdf(Cited 1 February 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","unstructured":"CassL WoodwardK BrindleyC WarringtonS.Tolerability And Pharmacokinetic Profile Of RV568 A Narrow Spectrum Kinase Inhibitor Following Single And Repeat Inhaled Dosing In Healthy Volunteers (ATS Journals). American Thoracic Society International Conference Meetings Abstracts."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21026"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T09:28:25Z","timestamp":1696152505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]}}}