{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:41:39Z","timestamp":1791265299165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viral interaction in which outbreaks of influenza and other common respiratory viruses might affect each other has been postulated by several short studies. Regarding longer time periods, influenza epidemics occasionally occur very early in the season, as during the 2009 pandemic. Whether early occurrence of influenza epidemics impacts outbreaks of other common seasonal viruses is not clear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated whether early occurrence of influenza outbreaks coincides with shifts in the occurrence of other common viruses, including both respiratory and non\u2010respiratory viruses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated time trends of and the correlation between positive laboratory diagnoses of eight common viruses in the Netherlands over a 10\u2010year time period (2003\u20132012): influenza viruses types <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>, respiratory syncytial virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content>), rhinovirus, coronavirus, norovirus, enterovirus, and rotavirus. We compared trends in viruses between early and late influenza seasons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2003 and 2012, influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> RSV<\/jats:styled-content>, and coronavirus showed shifts in their occurrence when influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> epidemics occurred earlier than usual (before week 1). Although shifts were not always consistently of the same type, when influenza type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> hit early, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content> outbreaks tended to be delayed, coronavirus outbreaks tended to be intensified, and influenza virus type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> tended not to occur at all. Occurrence of rhinovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and enterovirus did not change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>When influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> epidemics occured early, timing of the epidemics of several respiratory winter viruses usually occurring close in time to influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> was affected, while trends in rhinoviruses (occurring in autumn) and trends in enteral viruses were not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T08:18:18Z","timestamp":1442305098000},"page":"14-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Early occurrence of influenza <scp>A<\/scp> epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Liselotte","family":"van Asten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bijkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewout","family":"Fanoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarijn","family":"van Ginkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Suijkerbuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van der Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Vennema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19354","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.40.19354-en","article-title":"Does viral interference affect spread of influenza?","volume":"14","author":"Linde A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19359","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.41.19359-en","article-title":"Interference between outbreaks of respiratory viruses","volume":"14","author":"Anestad G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19485","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.06.19485-en","article-title":"Impact of the 2009 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