{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:52:48Z","timestamp":1788537168918,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human rhinoviruses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>) cause a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from a mild influenza\u2010like illness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>) to severe respiratory infection. Molecular epidemiological data are limited for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> circulating in the Southern Hemisphere.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the species and genotypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> from clinical samples collected in Sydney, Australia, from 2006 to 2009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combined nose and throat swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content> were tested for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> using real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>). Sequencing data of 5\u2032UTR and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>4\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>2 coding regions on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive specimens were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human rhinoviruses were detected by real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in 20.9% (116\/555) of samples tested. Phylogenetic analysis of 5\u2032<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>4\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>2 on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive samples was concordant in the grouping of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> A and B species but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> C species. Eighty per cent (16\/20) of sequences that grouped as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> C in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>4\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>2 tree clustered as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> A, alongside some previously described C strains as subspecies C\/A. Discordant branching was seen within <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> A group: two sequences clustering as A in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>4\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VP<\/jats:styled-content>2 tree branched within the C\/A subspecies in the 5\u2032<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTR<\/jats:styled-content> tree, and one sequence showed identity to different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> A strains in the two genes. The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> C and C\/A species was greater in paediatric compared to adult patients (47.9% vs 25.5%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.032).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human rhinoviruses are a common cause of respiratory infections, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> C is present in the Southern Hemisphere. Sequencing of multiple <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content> regions may be necessary to determine exact phylogenetic relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T16:25:44Z","timestamp":1467822344000},"page":"493-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phylogenetic analysis of human rhinoviruses collected over four successive years in Sydney, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Vigneswary M.","family":"Ratnamohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research Pathology West Westmead Hospital  Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and 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