{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:30:22Z","timestamp":1772209822218,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute Respiratory Infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content>) are responsible for nearly two million childhood deaths worldwide. A limited number of studies have been published on the epidemiology of viral respiratory pathogens in Egypt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 6113 hospitalized patients &gt;1\u00a0month of age with suspected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled between June 23, 2009 and December 31, 2013. Naso\u2010 and oropharyngeal specimens were collected and tested for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1\u20133. Blood specimens from children 1\u201311\u00a0months were cultured and bacterial growth was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results from a healthcare utilization survey on the proportion of persons seeking care for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> was used to calculate adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> incidence rates in the surveillance population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of patients with a viral pathogen detected decreased with age from 67% in patients age 1\u201311\u00a0months to 19% in patients \u226565\u00a0years of age. Influenza was the dominant viral pathogen detected in patients \u22651\u00a0year of age (13.9%). The highest incidence rates for hospitalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> were observed in children 1\u201311\u00a0months (1757.9\u20135537.5\/100\u00a0000 population) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSV<\/jats:styled-content> was the most commonly detected pathogen in this age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study population, influenza is the largest viral contributor to hospitalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content>s and children 1\u201311\u00a0months of age experience a high rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalizations. This study highlights a need for surveillance of additional viral pathogens and alternative detection methods for bacterial pathogens, which may reveal a substantial proportion of as yet unidentified etiologies in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T13:51:32Z","timestamp":1469541092000},"page":"23-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Incidence and etiology of hospitalized acute respiratory infections in the Egyptian Delta"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Rowlinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection and Response Program US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Dueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahed","family":"Azzazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Sector Ministry of Health and Population  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection and Response Program US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Summer","family":"Rosenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection and Response Program US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection and Response Program US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayar M.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection and Response Program US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Geneidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Sector Ministry of Health and Population  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monier","family":"Abd Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Sector Ministry of Health and Population  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Kandeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Sector Ministry of Health and Population  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Organization WHO.Global Health Estimates Summary Tables: Deaths by Cause Age and Sex by WHO Region;2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00170-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001286"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975913499801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Arab Republic of Egypt: Central Agency for Public Reporting and Statistics;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2009.00162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit457"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(13)60120-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Organization WHO.No Title. 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